tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-13296927054900152242024-03-25T23:00:19.850+05:30PLANETARY SOCIETY, INDIAOrganisation for Promotion of Space SciencesUnknownnoreply@blogger.comBlogger377125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1329692705490015224.post-58892167067149186792024-01-26T23:43:00.002+05:302024-01-26T23:43:30.811+05:3075th Republic Day Celebrations of India <p> **Happy 75th Republic Day**: While the common man often confuses. Independence Day and Republic Day as one and the same .</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjcgbA5AtttwXortrvTSXc1JY0_XdatzCUiTY2768iTs-W7rboxb8lVG7qQvHud5IvLp3JuCbu0k7TApZmLiJlK3hmsMaAALd581Nyp8Cec6IiZTFsERnMVcMOZxpanpio1B8Ln-wb21iI5oGFPFtwp_U5SMxa8X3NvtEeZkw8znGvJ4ZjbagHdwJPk_Ng/s1080/IMG-20240126-WA0028.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1080" data-original-width="810" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjcgbA5AtttwXortrvTSXc1JY0_XdatzCUiTY2768iTs-W7rboxb8lVG7qQvHud5IvLp3JuCbu0k7TApZmLiJlK3hmsMaAALd581Nyp8Cec6IiZTFsERnMVcMOZxpanpio1B8Ln-wb21iI5oGFPFtwp_U5SMxa8X3NvtEeZkw8znGvJ4ZjbagHdwJPk_Ng/w480-h640/IMG-20240126-WA0028.jpg" width="480" /></a></div><br /><span style="text-align: left;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="text-align: left;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="text-align: left;"> **In the compilation above**👆 we tried to explain the status of people in our country between 15 Aug 1947 to 1950. **In simple words** earlier people under British rule/dominion had British India's Passport. *Whereas* only after 26 Jan 1950 the passports carried the words **Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य)*. This is because the Constitution of India came into effect 75 years ago on this day.</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="text-align: left;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="text-align: left;">IMPORTANCE OF BEING REPUBLIC : Its a fact that there are many nations who got independence. But how many are Republic. **How does that make any difference*"? Just look at North Korea, Afghanistan & many of our neighbours..they got independence. But instead of people they are ruled by the military ruler , elected dictator etc. People are ruled under various restrictions. Whereas on 26 Jan 1950 India became republic as Indian Constitution came to operation. Since then and till date even after 75 years. India still remains Republic.</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="text-align: left;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="text-align: left;"><br /></span></div>Planetary Grouphttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10571076621507605305noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1329692705490015224.post-85661751076035808402024-01-22T23:41:00.009+05:302024-01-23T00:09:19.340+05:30 ISRO NRSC IMAGE - Ram temple consecration celebrations - Best Wishes - Message for Universal Brotherhood<p> <span style="white-space-collapse: preserve;">Ram temple consecration celebrations - Best Wishes - Message for Universal Brotherhood: Today across India celebrations associated with the consecration of Sri Ramji Temple were done peacefully. The Indian Space Research Organisation published the following image of the Ayodhya Temple from Space using the Cartosat Series of Satellites. ISRO/NRSC/CARTOSAT Satellite Image of Ayodhya Ram Temple from Space was taken on 16 Dec 2023.
</span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="white-space-collapse: preserve;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEghUNYmg7pOMGJOFhPSYiOPhVdir8Y06asX7bw4_WWo0AiHctmVqi7ceSQ4D14INXvVtGvsk_BYEt7JlzD286oAQL47yrP28okn9eT3U3c3cYCC8Dg7FjBIAwhz8jk6RSiMA1eAQ_LUAcgJcWeDEU7Xws9qYozIHCvfb4tzdwqfiFeEQG5O9qnB5beBgqY/s1080/78457b8e-f623-4772-8432-e381a7ceb86c.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1080" data-original-width="1080" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEghUNYmg7pOMGJOFhPSYiOPhVdir8Y06asX7bw4_WWo0AiHctmVqi7ceSQ4D14INXvVtGvsk_BYEt7JlzD286oAQL47yrP28okn9eT3U3c3cYCC8Dg7FjBIAwhz8jk6RSiMA1eAQ_LUAcgJcWeDEU7Xws9qYozIHCvfb4tzdwqfiFeEQG5O9qnB5beBgqY/w640-h640/78457b8e-f623-4772-8432-e381a7ceb86c.jpg" width="640" /></a></span></div><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><span style="white-space-collapse: preserve;">On this occasion let's all pledge to make our country India and Planet Earth a better place for every creature to Live. </span><p></p>Planetary Grouphttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10571076621507605305noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1329692705490015224.post-84267002638261919152024-01-03T23:58:00.003+05:302024-01-04T00:38:04.809+05:30Earth at Closest (Perihelion) to Sun on 3 Jan in Year 2024<p><span style="white-space-collapse: preserve;">Earth at Perihelion on 3 Jan 2024: Today, on the morning of January 3, 2024, Earth marked a celestial event known as Perihelion. During this astronomical occurrence, our planet reached the closest point in its elliptical orbit around the Sun for the entire year. </span><br /><br /><span style="white-space-collapse: preserve;">Unlike a perfect circle, Earth's path around the Sun is shaped like an ellipse, resembling a slightly elongated oval. This elliptical orbit leads to variations in the distance between Earth and the Sun throughout the year. Wherein sometimes Earth reaches the farthest or closest point to the Sun. </span><br /><br /><span style="white-space-collapse: preserve;">Today on 3 Jan 2024 at 6.22 a.m. our Earth reached the Closest point it can get to the Sun in 2024. As explained above on 5 July 2024 this year Earth will be at the farthest point it can get to the Sun. Which is called Aphelion.</span><br /><br /><span style="white-space-collapse: preserve;">Here is an image of the Sun from the Year 2015 taken on the day when it was at Perihelion and on the day when it was at Aphelion.</span></p><div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjLIPpRRNSTWVkCVEkSEnjcVBECegcgZgzajSvsEfGr6f5OSKE79GNemAWSY-YtDJSjhXEzBEnHLiUoTuuBr8JFzPupLwYx-nkkDykOmZ0AHOxoPG79dGRoZWJMYg9Mr3BDWNDNzmwd1GwzoHfTmMnyquAhOSsVg5ibLsReaQEsqg8CHZJ7o9lDW0peIlE/s1176/WhtsupPerihelionAphelion4Jan2015.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1176" data-original-width="1092" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjLIPpRRNSTWVkCVEkSEnjcVBECegcgZgzajSvsEfGr6f5OSKE79GNemAWSY-YtDJSjhXEzBEnHLiUoTuuBr8JFzPupLwYx-nkkDykOmZ0AHOxoPG79dGRoZWJMYg9Mr3BDWNDNzmwd1GwzoHfTmMnyquAhOSsVg5ibLsReaQEsqg8CHZJ7o9lDW0peIlE/s320/WhtsupPerihelionAphelion4Jan2015.jpg" width="297" /></a></div><br /><span style="white-space-collapse: preserve;"><br /></span></div>Planetary Grouphttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10571076621507605305noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1329692705490015224.post-12325381646225881002023-12-25T02:00:00.023+05:302023-12-26T01:32:54.538+05:30NEW COMPOSITE IMAGE OF NGC 2264 - Happy and Merry Christmas <p style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; color: #374151; font-family: Söhne, ui-sans-serif, system-ui, -apple-system, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Noto Sans", sans-serif, "Helvetica Neue", Arial, "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", "Segoe UI Symbol", "Noto Color Emoji"; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px 0px 1.25em; white-space-collapse: preserve;">In the true sense of Planetary Society, India's motto: Cosmic Understanding for Universal Brotherhood. <br /><br />We Wish you a Happy and Merry Christmas with the following article based on NASA's latest composite image/Article of NGC 2264
Our Sun has been shining for 4.6 billion years; it is one among countless other stars that twinkle in the night sky. Our Sun also plays the role of a planetary host, with Earth and its cosmic companions elegantly revolving around it. Here is an image of a cluster of stars and gas situated 2,500 light-years away from Earth in our Milky Way. Scientifically, it is called NGC 2264 and was captured by NASA’s Chandra X-Ray Observatory in the latest composite image. The exact number of stars in this cluster is unknown. Compared to our Sun, the stars in the "cluster of stars" are young. This cluster, NGC 2264, is popularly known as the Christmas Tree Cluster.
</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgK1djr1gv9SAbsa7o2aYtJkzm_g9jybOxHQqio2zz9aQ-0E9qhjgHNAWEOtktyDhwRYZkgkAXKhJX7AXF6v1Zu2qadGHHC-zyASJf2E5vQVGDrc0QHGtH-MayfPCy4Sz8KKmGFy235UNi8aU0Fy8Qiqk-vJ9RS1qFPEnslwReVr0U0cni7j50Wtr84_V4" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="1536" data-original-width="1536" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgK1djr1gv9SAbsa7o2aYtJkzm_g9jybOxHQqio2zz9aQ-0E9qhjgHNAWEOtktyDhwRYZkgkAXKhJX7AXF6v1Zu2qadGHHC-zyASJf2E5vQVGDrc0QHGtH-MayfPCy4Sz8KKmGFy235UNi8aU0Fy8Qiqk-vJ9RS1qFPEnslwReVr0U0cni7j50Wtr84_V4" width="480" /></a></div><br />
<p></p><p style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; color: #374151; font-family: Söhne, ui-sans-serif, system-ui, -apple-system, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Noto Sans", sans-serif, "Helvetica Neue", Arial, "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", "Segoe UI Symbol", "Noto Color Emoji"; font-size: 16px; margin: 1.25em 0px; white-space-collapse: preserve;">Furthermore, if we examine the age of the stars in this picture of NGC 2264 and compare it to our Sun, they are young stars ranging between about one and five million years old, whereas our Sun is 4.6 billion years old. The stars we see in this image, compared to our Sun, vary in size, ranging from some with less than a tenth of the mass of the Sun to others containing about seven solar masses.</p><p style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; color: #374151; font-family: Söhne, ui-sans-serif, system-ui, -apple-system, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Noto Sans", sans-serif, "Helvetica Neue", Arial, "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", "Segoe UI Symbol", "Noto Color Emoji"; font-size: 16px; margin: 1.25em 0px 0px; white-space-collapse: preserve;">The name "Christmas Tree Cluster" is no coincidence; its tree-like shape, enhanced by image processing and rotation, mirrors both the presentation and the natural arrangement of stars and gas. Join NASA on a visual journey through space, witnessing the glow of stellar lights in this enchanting cosmic tree. Check out the picture online for more details or visit <a href="https://t.co/VT2WaLgp77" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-text-opacity: 1; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_new">https://t.co/VT2WaLgp77</a>.
Questions to think about:
1. Like many stars in the cosmos. Will these young stars of the NGC 2264 star cluster have their own planets?
2. As the light from these stars/cluster takes nearly 2500 years even after traveling at the speed of light i.e. 3 lakh km/sec. What could be the present situation at this star cluster or individual stars in this cluster?
3. As the article says there are many stars in this cluster with different ages (1 to 5 Million years) and sizes. How would be end of these stars be?
4.
Here are some more images which have been discussed </p><p style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; color: #374151; font-family: Söhne, ui-sans-serif, system-ui, -apple-system, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Noto Sans", sans-serif, "Helvetica Neue", Arial, "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", "Segoe UI Symbol", "Noto Color Emoji"; font-size: 16px; margin: 1.25em 0px 0px; white-space-collapse: preserve;">
</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhmG5NUW4OuLrnErczH-ntxzRTkUgzVx7EDWsPKLz2pegLzRiaHIt1GOxFMJVK64jlL7l6sCO9DVXvtp0fbpA-2mxJc60AHstGHRhaaqQvZ3uGHJC9oQ1YB-hyQSAJy4tcgPkJt3Qb77zkZ2jwF8a3xgQ8Cn6G1sbbOavOiKzYrqHJ7ydvJjg7oL3Q3Ggg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="487" data-original-width="650" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhmG5NUW4OuLrnErczH-ntxzRTkUgzVx7EDWsPKLz2pegLzRiaHIt1GOxFMJVK64jlL7l6sCO9DVXvtp0fbpA-2mxJc60AHstGHRhaaqQvZ3uGHJC9oQ1YB-hyQSAJy4tcgPkJt3Qb77zkZ2jwF8a3xgQ8Cn6G1sbbOavOiKzYrqHJ7ydvJjg7oL3Q3Ggg=w640-h480" width="640" /></a></div><span class="caption-text" face=""Open Sans", "Open Sans-fallback"" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-feature-settings: inherit; font-kerning: inherit; font-optical-sizing: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-alternates: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-position: inherit; font-variation-settings: inherit; line-height: 16px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: collapse;"><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="caption-text" style="border: 0px; font-feature-settings: inherit; font-kerning: inherit; font-optical-sizing: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-alternates: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-position: inherit; font-variation-settings: inherit; line-height: 16px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: 12px;"> </span>This object, called the Helix nebula, lies 650 light-years away, in the constellation of Aquarius.</span><span> </span><span class="credit" itemprop="copyrightHolder" style="border: 0px; font-feature-settings: inherit; font-kerning: inherit; font-optical-sizing: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-alternates: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-position: inherit; font-variation-settings: inherit; line-height: 16px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;">(Image credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech)</span></div><div style="font-size: 12px; text-align: center;"><span class="credit" itemprop="copyrightHolder" style="border: 0px; font-feature-settings: inherit; font-kerning: inherit; font-optical-sizing: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-alternates: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-position: inherit; font-variation-settings: inherit; line-height: 16px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;"><br /></span></div></span>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjt0V4QJGK4xxTQbajLCxMe34nerUlBFulvWZ7iN9ZEGaPJ_--q-KCdtz3DLHK03ew-6Gn8OVU7VjE2k91ZZdTnek8mGnx-NiLTn1An6yJUDumRfr9wx8X3TK_V8rk0LFVzPAx-Uuo8rNAuHYgm74wfK9P2P3TawoRl-gz8z2PqauEtTjSY_C6jnjnMZpo" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="600" data-original-width="900" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjt0V4QJGK4xxTQbajLCxMe34nerUlBFulvWZ7iN9ZEGaPJ_--q-KCdtz3DLHK03ew-6Gn8OVU7VjE2k91ZZdTnek8mGnx-NiLTn1An6yJUDumRfr9wx8X3TK_V8rk0LFVzPAx-Uuo8rNAuHYgm74wfK9P2P3TawoRl-gz8z2PqauEtTjSY_C6jnjnMZpo=w640-h426" width="640" /></a></div><b style="background-color: #f4f4ff; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: medium; text-align: -webkit-center; white-space-collapse: collapse;">Moon Meets Jupiter </b><b style="background-color: #f4f4ff; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: medium; text-align: -webkit-center; white-space-collapse: collapse;">Image Credit & <a href="http://apod.nasa.gov/apod/lib/about_apod.html#srapply">Copyright</a>: </b><span style="background-color: #f4f4ff; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: medium; text-align: -webkit-center; white-space-collapse: collapse;"></span><a href="http://www.cristianfattinnanzi.it/" style="background-color: #f4f4ff; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: medium; text-align: -webkit-center; white-space-collapse: collapse;">Cristian Fattinnanzi</a> 20th July 2020<div><br /><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgPLlktPZufTT-h3UiInPe-fx1DDjM8JgyOZEXCI3_TDab3xZusx4xUVW10aDo8aRt3b6k9XexVskh8S3StwlJidvMa1UDBnqnRGx3mXM4foV_b8AhnzPsvuG7NXduHKB83va6-td-iQ7WWXZ-HKA43H4IPZl03RsYEmot-XRZRJ-gWpqaXU2Kp6CnY21g" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="683" data-original-width="586" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgPLlktPZufTT-h3UiInPe-fx1DDjM8JgyOZEXCI3_TDab3xZusx4xUVW10aDo8aRt3b6k9XexVskh8S3StwlJidvMa1UDBnqnRGx3mXM4foV_b8AhnzPsvuG7NXduHKB83va6-td-iQ7WWXZ-HKA43H4IPZl03RsYEmot-XRZRJ-gWpqaXU2Kp6CnY21g" width="412" /></a><br /><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b style="background-color: #f4f4ff;">Mars and the Pleiades Beyond Vinegar Hill</b><span style="background-color: #f4f4ff;"></span><br style="background-color: #f4f4ff;" /><b style="background-color: #f4f4ff;">Image Credit & Copyright: </b><span style="background-color: #f4f4ff;"></span><a href="https://www.instagram.com/kristinerosephotography/" style="background-color: #f4f4ff;">Kristine Richer</a></div><br /><br />
<p></p></div>Planetary Grouphttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10571076621507605305noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1329692705490015224.post-20147076143860479432023-11-23T23:42:00.001+05:302023-11-23T23:47:59.655+05:30Leonid Meteor Shower of 2023 <p><span face="Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif" style="background-color: #fefdfa; color: #333333; font-size: 13px;">Away from city lights from 6th November 2023 to 30 November 2023 people can witness the celestial spectacle of a Leonid Meteor Shower from pollution-free dark skies a few hours before the sun rises towards the East.</span></p><span face="Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif" style="background-color: #fefdfa; color: #333333; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold;">Leonid Meteor Shower:</span><span face="Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif" style="background-color: #fefdfa; color: #333333; font-size: 13px;"> A meteor is a shooting star (layman’s Language), space dust about the size of a grain of sand. The dust hits the earth’s atmosphere and burns up in a blaze of light.</span><br style="background-color: #fefdfa; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;" /><br style="background-color: #fefdfa; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;" /><span face="Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif" style="background-color: #fefdfa; color: #333333; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold;">Where does space dust come from?</span><span face="Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif" style="background-color: #fefdfa; color: #333333; font-size: 13px;"> Comets and asteroids pass through our solar system. These objects leave dust behind them. When the earth crosses through these dust clouds we see a meteor shower.</span><br style="background-color: #fefdfa; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;" /><span face="Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif" style="background-color: #fefdfa; color: #333333; font-size: 13px;">In the case of meteors originating from comets When a comet flies close to the sun, intense heat vaporizes the comet’s "dirty ice" resulting in high-speed jets of comet dust that spew into interplanetary space. When a speck of this comet dust hits Earth's atmosphere traveling at greater speed, it disintegrates in a bright flash of light—a meteor!</span><br style="background-color: #fefdfa; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;" /><br style="background-color: #fefdfa; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;" /><span face="Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif" style="background-color: #fefdfa; color: #333333; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold;">Comet 55P/Tempel-Tuttle – The source/Parent body of Material for this shower:</span><span face="Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif" style="background-color: #fefdfa; color: #333333; font-size: 13px;"> </span><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 13px;">The parent comet of this shower, 55P/Tempel-Tuttle, passed its perihelion last in 1998, more </span></span><span style="color: #333333; font-size: 13px;">than two decades ago now. Meanwhile, the comet has passed its aphelion; the next perihelion is </span><span style="color: #333333; font-size: 13px;">only due on 2031 May 20. Meteoroids we observe now are ahead of the comet. The knowledge</span><div><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 13px;">of the dust ejection mechanisms and trail evolution allowed us to predict and verify variable </span></span><span style="color: #333333; font-size: 13px;">activity in numerous years until recently.</span></div><div><br /></div><div><span face="Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif" style="background-color: #fefdfa; color: #333333; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold;">Name – Leonid – Constellation of Leo: </span><span face="Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif" style="background-color: #fefdfa; color: #333333; font-size: 13px;">This Meteor shower is called “Leonid Meteor shower” because the location of the shower is radiant in the constellation Leo i.e the meteors or streaks of light appear to stream from, in the background of Leo constellation in the sky.</span></div><div><span style="color: #333333;"><br /></span><div><span face="Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif" style="background-color: #fefdfa; color: #333333; font-size: 13px;"><br /></span></div><div><span face="Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif" style="background-color: #fefdfa; color: #333333; font-size: 13px;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEg0BE0udqsPK8-lmAU2TA74iHBUmlcuarqmc4Tyhct9tRIwO5RkOVaHN4y_OqajwVNgk9tWvt4oVJTGKCE-_fnUZ77qaS0SZksjW8MnnCzVILr3AWSCz2EM0rlsIw_TFKwwQ_OFPe0LI_JjUMgZ6JqybnDR1gNer2Vh2hg_SxD7cANxt5kgKzc4UQ_TWP0" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="217" data-original-width="320" height="271" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEg0BE0udqsPK8-lmAU2TA74iHBUmlcuarqmc4Tyhct9tRIwO5RkOVaHN4y_OqajwVNgk9tWvt4oVJTGKCE-_fnUZ77qaS0SZksjW8MnnCzVILr3AWSCz2EM0rlsIw_TFKwwQ_OFPe0LI_JjUMgZ6JqybnDR1gNer2Vh2hg_SxD7cANxt5kgKzc4UQ_TWP0=w400-h271" width="400" /></a></div><br /><br /></span></div><div><br /></div><div><span style="color: #333333; font-size: 13px;"><b>When is/was this meteor shower at peak:</b> the IMO states "The (regular") nodal Leonid maximum should occur on 2023 November 18, 05h UT. Maslov (2007) gives November 17, 22h UT with an expected moderate rate of about 15. </span><br /><div><br /></div><span face="Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif" style="background-color: #fefdfa; color: #333333; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold;">Where to Look and Best Time: </span><span face="Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif" style="background-color: #fefdfa; color: #333333; font-size: 13px;">the best time for observing this spectacle from India is after 2.30 am. when the constellation of Leo is sufficiently above in eastern horizon. One has to look towards the direction between North East and East Direction.</span><br style="background-color: #fefdfa; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;" /><br style="background-color: #fefdfa; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;" /><span face="Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif" style="background-color: #fefdfa; color: #333333; font-size: 13px;">Society suggests observation from pollution-free dark clear skies away from city lights with good horizons for a splendid experience.</span></div></div>Planetary Grouphttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10571076621507605305noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1329692705490015224.post-12847624636818158172023-11-14T18:00:00.029+05:302023-11-15T00:50:08.752+05:3015th Anniversary of Chandrayaan 1 (MIP) Landing On Moon - 14 Nov 2008 <p><span color="rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9)" face="-apple-system, system-ui, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, "Helvetica Neue", "Fira Sans", Ubuntu, Oxygen, "Oxygen Sans", Cantarell, "Droid Sans", "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", "Segoe UI Symbol", "Lucida Grande", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif" style="background-color: white; font-size: 20px; white-space-collapse: preserve;">Yes today 15 years ago on 14 Nov 2008. The Indian Space Research Organisation ( ISRO) purposefully crash-landed *Moon Impact Probe (MIP) * as part of the Chandrayaan 1 Mission. Which landed Southpole of the Moon's Surface. The Moon Impact Probe had the Indian Flag embedded on its four sides. </span></p><p><span color="rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9)" face="-apple-system, system-ui, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, "Helvetica Neue", "Fira Sans", Ubuntu, Oxygen, "Oxygen Sans", Cantarell, "Droid Sans", "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", "Segoe UI Symbol", "Lucida Grande", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif" style="background-color: white; font-size: 20px; white-space-collapse: preserve;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span color="rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9)" face="-apple-system, system-ui, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, "Helvetica Neue", "Fira Sans", Ubuntu, Oxygen, "Oxygen Sans", Cantarell, "Droid Sans", "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", "Segoe UI Symbol", "Lucida Grande", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif" style="background-color: white; font-size: 20px; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEg1WZe1kcnwTzhT-iqnCaRiekgHcbU2ycH_MZ_IiIwP1H9OY2LWOxBf6yj4UgnHiQLbVSPisq9S1oLe2RUPRVzs--jqrVoIicLjYmor6v5EKM4xjPgO5VH1KsuP-XzLSMZc-jZYUYwhgH_Z7-U3SeEXZ0iVxfReJOlsAQ3mzR8in84VMqkWYZyqRTnmaV4" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="146" data-original-width="220" height="265" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEg1WZe1kcnwTzhT-iqnCaRiekgHcbU2ycH_MZ_IiIwP1H9OY2LWOxBf6yj4UgnHiQLbVSPisq9S1oLe2RUPRVzs--jqrVoIicLjYmor6v5EKM4xjPgO5VH1KsuP-XzLSMZc-jZYUYwhgH_Z7-U3SeEXZ0iVxfReJOlsAQ3mzR8in84VMqkWYZyqRTnmaV4=w400-h265" width="400" /></a></span></div><span color="rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9)" face="-apple-system, system-ui, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, "Helvetica Neue", "Fira Sans", Ubuntu, Oxygen, "Oxygen Sans", Cantarell, "Droid Sans", "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", "Segoe UI Symbol", "Lucida Grande", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif" style="background-color: white; font-size: 20px; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><br /><br /></span></div><p></p><p style="--artdeco-reset-typography_getfontsize: 1.6rem; --artdeco-reset-typography_getlineheight: 1.5; background-color: white; border: var(--artdeco-reset-base-border-zero); box-sizing: inherit; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); counter-reset: list-1 0 list-2 0 list-3 0 list-4 0 list-5 0 list-6 0 list-7 0 list-8 0 list-9 0; cursor: text; font-family: -apple-system, system-ui, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, "Helvetica Neue", "Fira Sans", Ubuntu, Oxygen, "Oxygen Sans", Cantarell, "Droid Sans", "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", "Segoe UI Symbol", "Lucida Grande", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 20px; line-height: var(--artdeco-reset-typography_getLineHeight); margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: var(--artdeco-reset-base-vertical-align-baseline); white-space-collapse: preserve;">Further, MIP (Moon Impact Probe) while descending onto the surface of the Moon discovered *water vapor in the moon's exosphere. Here is a post reminded of "Facebook Memories" from 2014. https://www.facebook.com/raghunandan.psi/posts/10152901705162728 .</p><p style="--artdeco-reset-typography_getfontsize: 1.6rem; --artdeco-reset-typography_getlineheight: 1.5; background-color: white; border: var(--artdeco-reset-base-border-zero); box-sizing: inherit; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); counter-reset: list-1 0 list-2 0 list-3 0 list-4 0 list-5 0 list-6 0 list-7 0 list-8 0 list-9 0; cursor: text; font-family: -apple-system, system-ui, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, "Helvetica Neue", "Fira Sans", Ubuntu, Oxygen, "Oxygen Sans", Cantarell, "Droid Sans", "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", "Segoe UI Symbol", "Lucida Grande", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 20px; line-height: var(--artdeco-reset-typography_getLineHeight); margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: var(--artdeco-reset-base-vertical-align-baseline); white-space-collapse: preserve;"> </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi_rDg_ygNVb7QwMuyACt5Gx3rHrjOXccgw7QLb3OThoc_Vpu9ZK61OAUZgPlreV7Mv4SZ3f-Fsxrf_6OwOTiTEcvroC-ckRvK2vZromGUM_pq3DNxWfa9o_EylvkpmR_Bu0fGzVKTpYuTmxaQIzkaJ4aj3u6CmDwU5ikpTGK-8ZMf0BW2cPz24-8w0CXw/s1080/4dcfb3e6-3c0e-4df1-8f9d-d1d67e38c081.jfif" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1080" data-original-width="577" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi_rDg_ygNVb7QwMuyACt5Gx3rHrjOXccgw7QLb3OThoc_Vpu9ZK61OAUZgPlreV7Mv4SZ3f-Fsxrf_6OwOTiTEcvroC-ckRvK2vZromGUM_pq3DNxWfa9o_EylvkpmR_Bu0fGzVKTpYuTmxaQIzkaJ4aj3u6CmDwU5ikpTGK-8ZMf0BW2cPz24-8w0CXw/w214-h400/4dcfb3e6-3c0e-4df1-8f9d-d1d67e38c081.jfif" width="214" /></a></div><br /><p></p><p style="--artdeco-reset-typography_getfontsize: 1.6rem; --artdeco-reset-typography_getlineheight: 1.5; background-color: white; border: var(--artdeco-reset-base-border-zero); box-sizing: inherit; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); counter-reset: list-1 0 list-2 0 list-3 0 list-4 0 list-5 0 list-6 0 list-7 0 list-8 0 list-9 0; cursor: text; font-family: -apple-system, system-ui, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, "Helvetica Neue", "Fira Sans", Ubuntu, Oxygen, "Oxygen Sans", Cantarell, "Droid Sans", "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", "Segoe UI Symbol", "Lucida Grande", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 20px; line-height: var(--artdeco-reset-typography_getLineHeight); margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: var(--artdeco-reset-base-vertical-align-baseline); white-space-collapse: preserve;"><br style="box-sizing: inherit;" /></p><p style="--artdeco-reset-typography_getfontsize: 1.6rem; --artdeco-reset-typography_getlineheight: 1.5; background-color: white; border: var(--artdeco-reset-base-border-zero); box-sizing: inherit; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); counter-reset: list-1 0 list-2 0 list-3 0 list-4 0 list-5 0 list-6 0 list-7 0 list-8 0 list-9 0; cursor: text; font-family: -apple-system, system-ui, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, "Helvetica Neue", "Fira Sans", Ubuntu, Oxygen, "Oxygen Sans", Cantarell, "Droid Sans", "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", "Segoe UI Symbol", "Lucida Grande", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 20px; line-height: var(--artdeco-reset-typography_getLineHeight); margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: var(--artdeco-reset-base-vertical-align-baseline); white-space-collapse: preserve;">*Every year* on Children's Day we at Planetary Society, India have been reminding the public with lectures/posts about this historic Day. 15 years ago in 2008 today 14 Nov The Indian Flag reached the moon's South pole. *Here* is 10yr old article https://www.ournewplanets.info/2013/11/indian-flag-on-moon-on-14-nov-new-truth.html. </p><p style="--artdeco-reset-typography_getfontsize: 1.6rem; --artdeco-reset-typography_getlineheight: 1.5; background-color: white; border: var(--artdeco-reset-base-border-zero); box-sizing: inherit; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); counter-reset: list-1 0 list-2 0 list-3 0 list-4 0 list-5 0 list-6 0 list-7 0 list-8 0 list-9 0; cursor: text; font-family: -apple-system, system-ui, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, "Helvetica Neue", "Fira Sans", Ubuntu, Oxygen, "Oxygen Sans", Cantarell, "Droid Sans", "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", "Segoe UI Symbol", "Lucida Grande", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 20px; line-height: var(--artdeco-reset-typography_getLineHeight); margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: var(--artdeco-reset-base-vertical-align-baseline); white-space-collapse: preserve;"><br /></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEglRORFEFR5QCuoE23J0iALA7ZlUmcAI4Rpg1i8ShmJCu4UxkyIgOGyUYJNY-8FE9np0yIECz2FY0Kks3jffF2u5ZM_ovrDsiVoyk6ZtMYmfbFW7WVOcXj6Ola34HwbY1yS6m_VxfwINQUHZJP_Q6KzsdQ4KG-wR9l4iE-gJBo2T9ylihC8X3G4isc0Zwc/s1080/c59335a3-3c21-4c52-8157-478095d401d0.jfif" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1080" data-original-width="743" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEglRORFEFR5QCuoE23J0iALA7ZlUmcAI4Rpg1i8ShmJCu4UxkyIgOGyUYJNY-8FE9np0yIECz2FY0Kks3jffF2u5ZM_ovrDsiVoyk6ZtMYmfbFW7WVOcXj6Ola34HwbY1yS6m_VxfwINQUHZJP_Q6KzsdQ4KG-wR9l4iE-gJBo2T9ylihC8X3G4isc0Zwc/w275-h400/c59335a3-3c21-4c52-8157-478095d401d0.jfif" width="275" /></a></div><br /><p style="--artdeco-reset-typography_getfontsize: 1.6rem; --artdeco-reset-typography_getlineheight: 1.5; background-color: white; border: var(--artdeco-reset-base-border-zero); box-sizing: inherit; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); counter-reset: list-1 0 list-2 0 list-3 0 list-4 0 list-5 0 list-6 0 list-7 0 list-8 0 list-9 0; cursor: text; font-family: -apple-system, system-ui, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, "Helvetica Neue", "Fira Sans", Ubuntu, Oxygen, "Oxygen Sans", Cantarell, "Droid Sans", "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", "Segoe UI Symbol", "Lucida Grande", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 20px; line-height: var(--artdeco-reset-typography_getLineHeight); margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: var(--artdeco-reset-base-vertical-align-baseline); white-space-collapse: preserve;"><br /></p><p style="--artdeco-reset-typography_getfontsize: 1.6rem; --artdeco-reset-typography_getlineheight: 1.5; background-color: white; border: var(--artdeco-reset-base-border-zero); box-sizing: inherit; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); counter-reset: list-1 0 list-2 0 list-3 0 list-4 0 list-5 0 list-6 0 list-7 0 list-8 0 list-9 0; cursor: text; font-family: -apple-system, system-ui, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, "Helvetica Neue", "Fira Sans", Ubuntu, Oxygen, "Oxygen Sans", Cantarell, "Droid Sans", "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", "Segoe UI Symbol", "Lucida Grande", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 20px; line-height: var(--artdeco-reset-typography_getLineHeight); margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: var(--artdeco-reset-base-vertical-align-baseline); white-space-collapse: preserve;"><br style="box-sizing: inherit;" /></p><p style="--artdeco-reset-typography_getfontsize: 1.6rem; --artdeco-reset-typography_getlineheight: 1.5; background-color: white; border: var(--artdeco-reset-base-border-zero); box-sizing: inherit; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); counter-reset: list-1 0 list-2 0 list-3 0 list-4 0 list-5 0 list-6 0 list-7 0 list-8 0 list-9 0; cursor: text; font-family: -apple-system, system-ui, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, "Helvetica Neue", "Fira Sans", Ubuntu, Oxygen, "Oxygen Sans", Cantarell, "Droid Sans", "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", "Segoe UI Symbol", "Lucida Grande", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 20px; line-height: var(--artdeco-reset-typography_getLineHeight); margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: var(--artdeco-reset-base-vertical-align-baseline); white-space-collapse: preserve;">Further below here is *Dr. Kalam's Statement after the MIP Landed on Moon 14 Nov 2008*. This Statement is Dr.Kalam's 15-year vision for the Indian Space Programme. And according to this statement of Dr.Kalam, we should have landed an *Indian Astronaut* on the Moon by now in 2023. </p><p style="--artdeco-reset-typography_getfontsize: 1.6rem; --artdeco-reset-typography_getlineheight: 1.5; background-color: white; border: var(--artdeco-reset-base-border-zero); box-sizing: inherit; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); counter-reset: list-1 0 list-2 0 list-3 0 list-4 0 list-5 0 list-6 0 list-7 0 list-8 0 list-9 0; cursor: text; font-family: -apple-system, system-ui, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, "Helvetica Neue", "Fira Sans", Ubuntu, Oxygen, "Oxygen Sans", Cantarell, "Droid Sans", "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", "Segoe UI Symbol", "Lucida Grande", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 20px; line-height: var(--artdeco-reset-typography_getLineHeight); margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: var(--artdeco-reset-base-vertical-align-baseline); white-space-collapse: preserve;"><br /></p><p style="--artdeco-reset-typography_getfontsize: 1.6rem; --artdeco-reset-typography_getlineheight: 1.5; background-color: white; border: var(--artdeco-reset-base-border-zero); box-sizing: inherit; counter-reset: list-1 0 list-2 0 list-3 0 list-4 0 list-5 0 list-6 0 list-7 0 list-8 0 list-9 0; cursor: text; line-height: var(--artdeco-reset-typography_getLineHeight); margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: var(--artdeco-reset-base-vertical-align-baseline);"><span face="-apple-system, system-ui, BlinkMacSystemFont, Segoe UI, Roboto, Helvetica Neue, Fira Sans, Ubuntu, Oxygen, Oxygen Sans, Cantarell, Droid Sans, Apple Color Emoji, Segoe UI Emoji, Segoe UI Emoji, Segoe UI Symbol, Lucida Grande, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif" style="color: #ba0000;"><span style="font-size: 20px; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><br /></span></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span face="-apple-system, system-ui, BlinkMacSystemFont, Segoe UI, Roboto, Helvetica Neue, Fira Sans, Ubuntu, Oxygen, Oxygen Sans, Cantarell, Droid Sans, Apple Color Emoji, Segoe UI Emoji, Segoe UI Emoji, Segoe UI Symbol, Lucida Grande, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif" style="color: #ba0000;"><iframe allowfullscreen="" class="BLOG_video_class" height="376" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/_CBXffHXOuo" width="518" youtube-src-id="_CBXffHXOuo"></iframe></span></div><span face="-apple-system, system-ui, BlinkMacSystemFont, Segoe UI, Roboto, Helvetica Neue, Fira Sans, Ubuntu, Oxygen, Oxygen Sans, Cantarell, Droid Sans, Apple Color Emoji, Segoe UI Emoji, Segoe UI Emoji, Segoe UI Symbol, Lucida Grande, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif" style="color: #ba0000;"><br /></span><p></p><p style="--artdeco-reset-typography_getfontsize: 1.6rem; --artdeco-reset-typography_getlineheight: 1.5; background-color: white; border: var(--artdeco-reset-base-border-zero); box-sizing: inherit; counter-reset: list-1 0 list-2 0 list-3 0 list-4 0 list-5 0 list-6 0 list-7 0 list-8 0 list-9 0; cursor: text; line-height: var(--artdeco-reset-typography_getLineHeight); margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: var(--artdeco-reset-base-vertical-align-baseline);"><span face="-apple-system, system-ui, BlinkMacSystemFont, Segoe UI, Roboto, Helvetica Neue, Fira Sans, Ubuntu, Oxygen, Oxygen Sans, Cantarell, Droid Sans, Apple Color Emoji, Segoe UI Emoji, Segoe UI Emoji, Segoe UI Symbol, Lucida Grande, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif" style="color: #ba0000;"><span style="font-size: 20px; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><br /></span></span></p><p style="--artdeco-reset-typography_getfontsize: 1.6rem; --artdeco-reset-typography_getlineheight: 1.5; background-color: white; border: var(--artdeco-reset-base-border-zero); box-sizing: inherit; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); counter-reset: list-1 0 list-2 0 list-3 0 list-4 0 list-5 0 list-6 0 list-7 0 list-8 0 list-9 0; cursor: text; font-family: -apple-system, system-ui, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, "Helvetica Neue", "Fira Sans", Ubuntu, Oxygen, "Oxygen Sans", Cantarell, "Droid Sans", "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", "Segoe UI Symbol", "Lucida Grande", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 20px; line-height: var(--artdeco-reset-typography_getLineHeight); margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: var(--artdeco-reset-base-vertical-align-baseline); white-space-collapse: preserve;"><br style="box-sizing: inherit;" /></p><p style="--artdeco-reset-typography_getfontsize: 1.6rem; --artdeco-reset-typography_getlineheight: 1.5; background-color: white; border: var(--artdeco-reset-base-border-zero); box-sizing: inherit; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); counter-reset: list-1 0 list-2 0 list-3 0 list-4 0 list-5 0 list-6 0 list-7 0 list-8 0 list-9 0; cursor: text; font-family: -apple-system, system-ui, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, "Helvetica Neue", "Fira Sans", Ubuntu, Oxygen, "Oxygen Sans", Cantarell, "Droid Sans", "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", "Segoe UI Symbol", "Lucida Grande", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 20px; line-height: var(--artdeco-reset-typography_getLineHeight); margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: var(--artdeco-reset-base-vertical-align-baseline); white-space-collapse: preserve;">On 17 Oct 2023, our organization (Planetary Society of India) completed 20 years. *As a great coincidence* on the same day on 17 Oct 2023 *PM Modi* after discussion with ISRO Scientists gave a vision/plan for 17 Years.</p><p style="--artdeco-reset-typography_getfontsize: 1.6rem; --artdeco-reset-typography_getlineheight: 1.5; background-color: white; border: var(--artdeco-reset-base-border-zero); box-sizing: inherit; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); counter-reset: list-1 0 list-2 0 list-3 0 list-4 0 list-5 0 list-6 0 list-7 0 list-8 0 list-9 0; cursor: text; font-family: -apple-system, system-ui, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, "Helvetica Neue", "Fira Sans", Ubuntu, Oxygen, "Oxygen Sans", Cantarell, "Droid Sans", "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", "Segoe UI Symbol", "Lucida Grande", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 20px; line-height: var(--artdeco-reset-typography_getLineHeight); margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: var(--artdeco-reset-base-vertical-align-baseline); white-space-collapse: preserve;"> </p><p style="--artdeco-reset-typography_getfontsize: 1.6rem; --artdeco-reset-typography_getlineheight: 1.5; background-color: white; border: var(--artdeco-reset-base-border-zero); box-sizing: inherit; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); counter-reset: list-1 0 list-2 0 list-3 0 list-4 0 list-5 0 list-6 0 list-7 0 list-8 0 list-9 0; cursor: text; font-family: -apple-system, system-ui, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, "Helvetica Neue", "Fira Sans", Ubuntu, Oxygen, "Oxygen Sans", Cantarell, "Droid Sans", "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", "Segoe UI Symbol", "Lucida Grande", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 20px; line-height: var(--artdeco-reset-typography_getLineHeight); margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: var(--artdeco-reset-base-vertical-align-baseline); white-space-collapse: preserve;">According to PM Modi's Vision by the year 2040 Indian Astronauts will walk on the Moon*. For more details see the description of the short video</p>Planetary Grouphttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10571076621507605305noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1329692705490015224.post-62654503696888971682023-10-22T23:27:00.004+05:302023-10-22T23:27:34.184+05:3015 Launch Anniversary of Chandrayaan 1 Mission - 22 Oct 2008 <p><span style="background-color: white; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: "Google Sans", "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif; font-size: 16px; white-space-collapse: preserve;">15 years ago today on 22 Oct 2008 6.22 a.m. Chandrayaan 1 Mission was launched on PSLV C11 Mission . </span></p><p><span style="background-color: white; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: "Google Sans", "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif; font-size: 16px; white-space-collapse: preserve;">Chandrayaan-1, derived from the Sanskrit words for "Moon" and "vehicle," was India's maiden lunar exploration mission. This Mission comprised of an orbiter and an impactor. Propelled by a PSLV-XL rocket, Chandrayaan-1 embarked on its journey from the Satish Dhawan Space Centre in Sriharikota, Andhra Pradesh, on October 22, 2008, at 00:52 UTC. </span></p><p><span style="background-color: white; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: "Google Sans", "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif; font-size: 16px; white-space-collapse: preserve;">This marked a significant milestone in India's space program, showcasing the country's capability to develop indigenous technologies for lunar exploration. C</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: "Google Sans", "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif; font-size: 16px; white-space-collapse: preserve;">handrayaan 1 was successfully inserted into lunar orbit on November 8, 2008. </span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiIWnZINDL_fGnbhKXkqrm5S348wXppM0DbfdsdNsw6dOotkSYaaXjr9ZNFJxkjBi9URxYCpFdzyq2N79OqSghpvZ-52IT3MYavB0511jnd--BwJiS7-uUOFRX1je8V6DjCeNTN6iT1GS3T8cJ7E0m21q57rABUPJDVRg_FSmu6I6xjqT7Kux_ARVptnRs" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="1973" data-original-width="2956" height="268" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiIWnZINDL_fGnbhKXkqrm5S348wXppM0DbfdsdNsw6dOotkSYaaXjr9ZNFJxkjBi9URxYCpFdzyq2N79OqSghpvZ-52IT3MYavB0511jnd--BwJiS7-uUOFRX1je8V6DjCeNTN6iT1GS3T8cJ7E0m21q57rABUPJDVRg_FSmu6I6xjqT7Kux_ARVptnRs=w400-h268" width="400" /></a></div><div><br /></div><span style="background-color: white; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: "Google Sans", "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif; font-size: 16px; white-space-collapse: preserve;">Importantly, the mission achieved a major feat on November 14, 2008, when the Moon Impact Probe detached from the orbiter and executed a controlled impact on the lunar south pole. The probe struck near the Shackleton crater at 8:31 p.m IST (15:01 UTC), leaving its mark on the lunar surface at a location christened Jawahar Point.</span> <br /><p></p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjT4Ccch1-U_DRxGWxurbOlGkY9FTUpfAd85YlVJRRIRfVGxz8dBIHV5v3j9WmHSH9RF827UpewDAlt09WJuTdVQILvx1pWggH9tX1vSy0FUk0Mbd9MLdwe2bNBxJDe0TOLSre3HkPKYpuZvKbhb8tL5ybKmlUDNQm9sXskFhmmA9Bbz7n6jN05cVnm6MQ" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="4486" data-original-width="3026" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjT4Ccch1-U_DRxGWxurbOlGkY9FTUpfAd85YlVJRRIRfVGxz8dBIHV5v3j9WmHSH9RF827UpewDAlt09WJuTdVQILvx1pWggH9tX1vSy0FUk0Mbd9MLdwe2bNBxJDe0TOLSre3HkPKYpuZvKbhb8tL5ybKmlUDNQm9sXskFhmmA9Bbz7n6jN05cVnm6MQ=w270-h400" width="270" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><br /><br /><p></p>Planetary Grouphttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10571076621507605305noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1329692705490015224.post-45943353330223683332023-10-18T19:20:00.000+05:302023-10-18T19:20:05.631+05:3020th Anniversary Celebrations of Planetary Society, India - 17 October <p> <span style="background-color: white; color: #050505; font-family: "Segoe UI Historic", "Segoe UI", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; white-space-collapse: preserve;">20 Anniversary - Year Long Celebrations (17 Oct 2023 to 17 Oct 2024) : We thank all our students, teachers, and well wishers, enthusiasts for their support. I especially thank my mentors for their guidance. Importantly media friends for taking our work/articles across India creating awareness in the general public and students. </span></p><div dir="auto" style="background-color: white; color: #050505; font-family: "Segoe UI Historic", "Segoe UI", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; white-space-collapse: preserve;">**Note**: Our Logo (where all continents come together is a simulated image of Earth 250 million years from now in future). And is based on our <span style="font-family: inherit;"><a style="color: #385898; cursor: pointer; font-family: inherit;" tabindex="-1"></a></span>motto for Universal Brotherhood. The Dark patches in our organisation name( in this poster) are symbolic representations of **Dark Night Sky sites** in India & across the world.. which are getting extinct. Hence we need to protect them as ancient heritage of humankind.</div><div dir="auto" style="background-color: white; color: #050505; font-family: "Segoe UI Historic", "Segoe UI", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj_To4GsAbxshwLrYt6HJXuMDLc7-yQc-k47AM7aFO5kPK2WtXOsUwdkSa7e4b7O_0VU56Oi9xwrW_pmoNIvqPJHTiWMVBRqSvzyFjQYV-3xeIIfheDbOp_BPrJK_DjSNF4Rcma5aCjW3kHZI8k6Ipi8RqARhXvHjvYem5wwGeZ9cTQVmNra87a3IE5uRk/s1040/20th%20Anniversary%20Poster%20Final.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1040" data-original-width="720" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj_To4GsAbxshwLrYt6HJXuMDLc7-yQc-k47AM7aFO5kPK2WtXOsUwdkSa7e4b7O_0VU56Oi9xwrW_pmoNIvqPJHTiWMVBRqSvzyFjQYV-3xeIIfheDbOp_BPrJK_DjSNF4Rcma5aCjW3kHZI8k6Ipi8RqARhXvHjvYem5wwGeZ9cTQVmNra87a3IE5uRk/w445-h640/20th%20Anniversary%20Poster%20Final.jpg" width="445" /></a></div><br /><div dir="auto" style="background-color: white; color: #050505; font-family: "Segoe UI Historic", "Segoe UI", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><br /></div>Planetary Grouphttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10571076621507605305noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1329692705490015224.post-34882079232550122532023-09-18T23:59:00.002+05:302023-09-18T23:59:56.946+05:30Aditya L1 Mission Update <p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhvEnvQR1MZshWtQqe05u5G167iA46SVH4XEBUauLHhujDaTW4gor9g39PXRo-wf97TpiGsc6dvDPZELyjbozQHzlIv9RjkN2BpsUAu2EJbmE4ehkS77uN2dETm0AgvFexFIlXWrrbkBK3gNFJ_4PVavM2FcszhxAmtJeIn_FO0ld5wPlPm1cAOi6FK0Ys/s1038/IMG-20230918-WA0250.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="720" data-original-width="1038" height="444" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhvEnvQR1MZshWtQqe05u5G167iA46SVH4XEBUauLHhujDaTW4gor9g39PXRo-wf97TpiGsc6dvDPZELyjbozQHzlIv9RjkN2BpsUAu2EJbmE4ehkS77uN2dETm0AgvFexFIlXWrrbkBK3gNFJ_4PVavM2FcszhxAmtJeIn_FO0ld5wPlPm1cAOi6FK0Ys/w640-h444/IMG-20230918-WA0250.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><br /> **Aditya L1 Mission - Final Good Bye to Earth 19 Sept 2.am**.: Early hours of 19 Sept around 2am. **ISRO scientists* will execute a maneuver/operation called **Trans-Lagragean Point 1 Insertion (𝐓𝐋𝟏𝐈)**. With this Aditya L1 will start its journey towards L1 point.Thus **finally leaving** the orbit around Earth.<p></p><p>**All the Best Team ISRO and Aditya L1**</p>Planetary Grouphttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10571076621507605305noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1329692705490015224.post-47436856823884947952023-07-16T17:54:00.002+05:302023-07-16T18:01:42.332+05:30CHANDRAYAAN 3 MISSION UPDATES <p><span face=""Noto Sans", Arial, sans-serif" style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.8); color: #1c1c1c; font-size: large;"><b>15 JULY 2023 UPDATE : </b></span></p><p><span face=""Noto Sans", Arial, sans-serif" style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.8); color: #1c1c1c; font-size: 14px;">Source : Times of India / ISRO </span></p><p class="_1qeIAgB0cPwnLhDF9XSiJM" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / 0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.8); border: 0px; color: #1c1c1c; font-family: "Noto Sans", Arial, sans-serif; font-feature-settings: inherit; font-kerning: inherit; font-optical-sizing: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-alternates: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variation-settings: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.8em 0px 0.25em; user-select: text; vertical-align: baseline;"><b>15 July 2023 EBN : </b>The operation, which was carried out to increase the spacecraft's apogee (farthest point from Earth) began at around 12.05pm as planned and lasted for 11-and-a-half minutes, multiple scientists confirmed to STOI.</p><blockquote class="_28lDeogZhLGXvE95QRPeDL" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / 0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.8); border-bottom: 0px; border-image: initial; border-left: 4px solid var(--newCommunityTheme-bodyTextAlpha20); border-right: 0px; border-top: 0px; color: #1c1c1c; font-family: "Noto Sans", Arial, sans-serif; font-feature-settings: inherit; font-kerning: inherit; font-optical-sizing: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-alternates: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variation-settings: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 4px 0px 4px 8px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 8px; quotes: none; vertical-align: baseline;"></blockquote><p class="_1qeIAgB0cPwnLhDF9XSiJM" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / 0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.8); border: 0px; color: #1c1c1c; font-family: "Noto Sans", Arial, sans-serif; font-feature-settings: inherit; font-kerning: inherit; font-optical-sizing: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-alternates: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variation-settings: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.8em 0px 0.25em; user-select: text; vertical-align: baseline;">After Saturday's maneuver, <b>"Spacecraft is now in 41762km x 173km orbit,</b>" said Isro.</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiK8DUV_vs0Wu_X0jOXB4dmiRimg-xGJWLR5KXJnqdta4gKBDZYzowVHcq-YkTBDlYmCNKhR5MREDydkmTjRsiHiD0ldD1rzIRIErJo3rd0joYm35jxlkRWh3JtMKW4IIFMkiaK6OmPFHI6K__e9ldify72O3jeqWzYRN_dAeGNK7qSUkb7qoFybnYclNY/s960/EBN%2015JULY.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="720" data-original-width="960" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiK8DUV_vs0Wu_X0jOXB4dmiRimg-xGJWLR5KXJnqdta4gKBDZYzowVHcq-YkTBDlYmCNKhR5MREDydkmTjRsiHiD0ldD1rzIRIErJo3rd0joYm35jxlkRWh3JtMKW4IIFMkiaK6OmPFHI6K__e9ldify72O3jeqWzYRN_dAeGNK7qSUkb7qoFybnYclNY/w640-h480/EBN%2015JULY.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><p><span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.8); color: #1c1c1c; font-family: "Noto Sans", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">Minor Burn on </span><b style="color: #1c1c1c; font-family: "Noto Sans", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">16 July 2023 </b><span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.8); color: #1c1c1c; font-family: "Noto Sans", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">If all goes as planned, scientists will carry out a minor burning of onboard propulsion systems on </span><b style="color: #1c1c1c; font-family: "Noto Sans", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">Sunday 16 July</b><span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.8); color: #1c1c1c; font-family: "Noto Sans", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"> to increase the perigee (closest point to Earth). It will be pushed to about 220km from the current position. </span><span style="color: #1c1c1c; font-family: "Noto Sans", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant-caps: inherit; font-variant-ligatures: inherit; font-weight: inherit;">"The perigee will then remain stable. The remaining three manoeuvres we've planned will all be for apogee raising," another scientist said.</span></p><blockquote class="_28lDeogZhLGXvE95QRPeDL" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / 0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.8); border-bottom: 0px; border-image: initial; border-left: 4px solid var(--newCommunityTheme-bodyTextAlpha20); border-right: 0px; border-top: 0px; color: #1c1c1c; font-family: "Noto Sans", Arial, sans-serif; font-feature-settings: inherit; font-kerning: inherit; font-optical-sizing: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-alternates: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variation-settings: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 4px 0px 4px 8px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 8px; quotes: none; vertical-align: baseline;"></blockquote><p class="_1qeIAgB0cPwnLhDF9XSiJM" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / 0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.8); border: 0px; color: #1c1c1c; font-family: "Noto Sans", Arial, sans-serif; font-feature-settings: inherit; font-kerning: inherit; font-optical-sizing: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-alternates: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variation-settings: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.8em 0px 0.25em; user-select: text; vertical-align: baseline;">The three other operations around Earth, as reported by TOI earlier, are planned for July 18, 20 and 25 to push apogee to around 1-lakh-km before Isro attempts to slingshot the spacecraft towards Moon, in the intervening night of July 31 and August 1.</p>Planetary Grouphttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10571076621507605305noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1329692705490015224.post-79663023533419174622023-07-14T17:00:00.001+05:302023-07-16T17:23:09.195+05:30LVM3-M4/CHANDRAYAAN-3 MOON MISSION LAUNCH SUCCESS 14 JULY 2023<p><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-size: 14.5pt; letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">On 14th July 2023 another historic space exploration mission to moon was launched by Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) from SHAR, Sriharikota. </span><span style="font-size: 19.3333px; letter-spacing: 0.0666667px;">Chandrayaan-3 is a follow-up lunar exploration mission by ISRO after Chandrayaan-2 and it would reattempt a soft-landing near lunar south-pole (69.37°S, 32.35°E) on 23 or 24 August 2023. Chandrayaan-3 composite consists of a propulsion module, lander 'Vikram' and rover 'Pragyan' and cumulatively they have 6 science payloads and a laser retroreflector on them.</span><br /><br /><span style="font-size: 14.5pt; letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">Speaking to reporters after the successful
launch, ISRO Chairman S. Somanath said the next 42 days are crucial. “As per
the nominal programme, we will have five earth-bound manoeuvres [that] will end
on July 31. After that we have the trans-lunar insertion, [which] will take
place on August 1. After that, it will be captured [by the] moon.This will be
followed by the separation of the propulsion module and the lander module on
August 17. “The landing is currently planned on August 23 at 5.47 pm IST, if
everything goes as per plan,” he added.</span></span></p>
<p style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / 0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background: white; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 21pt; margin: 18.75pt 0in; user-select: text !important;"><span style="font-size: 14.5pt; letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">Hailing the launch, Prime Minister Narendra
Modi tweeted: “Chandrayaan-3 scripts a new chapter in India’s space odyssey. It
soars high, elevating the dreams and ambitions of every Indian... This
momentous achievement is a testament to our scientists’ relentless dedication.
I salute their spirit and ingenuity!”</span></p>
<p style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / 0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background: white; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 21pt; margin: 18.75pt 0in; user-select: text !important;"><span style="font-size: 14.5pt; letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">Minister of State Jitendra Singh, who was
present at the launch, said, “It is indeed a moment of glory for India. Thank
you team ISRO for making India proud... Today is also a day of vindication:
vindication of the dream Vikram Sarabhai [had] six decades ago.”<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / 0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background: white; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 21pt; margin: 18.75pt 0in; user-select: text !important;"><br /></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>Planetary Grouphttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10571076621507605305noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1329692705490015224.post-70222614934579793812023-07-13T17:17:00.000+05:302023-07-16T17:18:01.199+05:30TO THE MOON AND BEYOND CAMPAIGN LAUNCHED <p style="text-align: left;"><span style="text-align: justify;">I</span><span style="font-size: 11pt; text-align: justify;">n the coming months various historic mission are being
planned to launched from our country in coming months/years. On one hand, India
is sending a mission to the moon, and other hand sending a mission to Sun. At the
same time, India is preparing for Gaganyaan Mission to take our own astronauts
to space.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: 11pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;">Hence, on eve of India’s third Mission to Moon </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;">Chandrayaan 3 launch on 14 July 2023 Planetary
Society of India is starting 75 days unique campaign called </span><b style="font-size: 11pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;">“To the Moon and Beyond”</b><span style="font-size: 11pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;">. Beginning
with Chandrayaan 3 regular updates of the journey of the mission to moon will
be shared on daily basis. Importantly awareness sessions in Schools, Colleges
will be organized during period of this campaign.</span></p><p><b style="text-align: justify;"><u><span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">Invitation
to Schools/Colleges to Host:</span></u></b><b style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt;"> </span></b><span style="font-size: 11pt; text-align: justify;">Educational
institutions in both telugu states and across India can contact us at <b>799 348 2012</b> <b>www.ournewplanets.info</b> for hosting the sessions. In this regard <b>Veteran Senior Scientist C. Ramakrishna Retd.</b> <b>ISRO has released the poster </b>at the meet. </span></p>Planetary Grouphttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10571076621507605305noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1329692705490015224.post-74943428888330614352023-07-13T06:00:00.008+05:302023-07-16T15:37:57.051+05:30CHANDRAYAAN 3 - OVERALL SPECIFICATIONS - IMPROVEMENT FROM EARLIER MISSIONS <p><span style="background-color: #fdfdfd; font-family: Helvetica, "Verdana Arial", sans-serif; font-size: 16px; text-align: justify;">Before we discussion overall specification. Here is the gist of several advanced technologies which are present in Lander such as,</span></p><p class="pageContent" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / 0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: #fdfdfd; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Helvetica, "Verdana Arial", sans-serif; font-size: 16px; margin-bottom: 1rem; margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: justify; user-select: text !important;"></p><ol style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / 0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: #fdfdfd; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Helvetica, "Verdana Arial", sans-serif; font-size: 16px; margin-bottom: 1rem; margin-top: 0px; padding-left: 2rem; text-align: justify;"><li style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / 0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; box-sizing: border-box;">Altimeters: Laser & RF based Altimeters</li><li style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / 0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; box-sizing: border-box;">Velocimeters: Laser Doppler Velocimeter & Lander Horizontal Velocity Camera</li><li style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / 0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; box-sizing: border-box;">Inertial Measurement: Laser Gyro based Inertial referencing and Accelerometer package</li><li style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / 0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; box-sizing: border-box;">Propulsion System: 800N Throttleable Liquid Engines, 58N attitude thrusters & Throttleable Engine Control Electronics</li><li style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / 0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; box-sizing: border-box;">Navigation, Guidance & Control (NGC): Powered Descent Trajectory design and associate software elements</li><li style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / 0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; box-sizing: border-box;">Hazard Detection and Avoidance: Lander Hazard Detection & Avoidance Camera and Processing Algorithm</li><li style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / 0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; box-sizing: border-box;">Landing Leg Mechanism.</li></ol><p class="pageContent" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / 0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: #fdfdfd; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Helvetica, "Verdana Arial", sans-serif; font-size: 16px; margin-bottom: 1rem; margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: justify; user-select: text !important;"><b>Preparation : </b>To demonstrate the above said advanced technologies in earth condition, several Lander special tests have been planned and carried out successfully viz.</p><ol style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / 0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: #fdfdfd; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Helvetica, "Verdana Arial", sans-serif; font-size: 16px; margin-bottom: 1rem; margin-top: 0px; padding-left: 2rem; text-align: justify;"><li style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / 0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; box-sizing: border-box;">Integrated Cold Test - For the demonstration of Integrated Sensors & Navigation performance test using helicopter as test platform</li><li style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / 0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; box-sizing: border-box;">Integrated Hot test – For the demonstration of closed loop performance test with sensors, actuators and NGC using Tower crane as test platform</li><li style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / 0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; box-sizing: border-box;">Lander Leg mechanism performance test on a lunar simulant test bed simulating different touch down conditions.</li></ol><div style="text-align: justify;"><p class="pageContent" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / 0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: #fdfdfd; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Helvetica, "Verdana Arial", sans-serif; font-size: 16px; margin-bottom: 1rem; margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; user-select: text !important;">The overall specifications for Chandrayaan-3 is provided below:</p><table class="table table-info table-striped table-hover table-bordered border-info table-responsive" style="--bs-table-accent-bg: transparent; --bs-table-bg: #ffffff; --bs-table-hover-bg: #a7b3b6; --bs-table-hover-color: #000; --bs-table-striped-bg: #cbd6d991; --bs-table-striped-color: #000; --tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / 0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: #fdfdfd; border-collapse: collapse; border-color: rgb(186, 220, 227); caption-side: bottom; color: black; font-family: Helvetica, "Verdana Arial", sans-serif; font-size: 16px; margin-bottom: 1rem; overflow-x: auto; text-align: justify; vertical-align: top; width: 1179.38px;"><tbody style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / 0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: inherit;"><tr style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / 0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><th style="--bs-table-accent-bg: var(--bs-table-striped-bg); --tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / 0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: var(--bs-table-bg); border-color: inherit; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px; box-shadow: inset 0 0 0 9999px var(--bs-table-accent-bg); box-sizing: border-box; color: var(--bs-table-striped-color); padding: 0.5rem; text-align: -webkit-match-parent;">Sl No.</th><th style="--bs-table-accent-bg: var(--bs-table-striped-bg); --tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / 0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: var(--bs-table-bg); border-color: inherit; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px; box-shadow: inset 0 0 0 9999px var(--bs-table-accent-bg); box-sizing: border-box; color: var(--bs-table-striped-color); padding: 0.5rem; text-align: -webkit-match-parent;">Parameter</th><th style="--bs-table-accent-bg: var(--bs-table-striped-bg); --tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / 0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: var(--bs-table-bg); border-color: inherit; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px; box-shadow: inset 0 0 0 9999px var(--bs-table-accent-bg); box-sizing: border-box; color: var(--bs-table-striped-color); padding: 0.5rem; text-align: -webkit-match-parent;">Specifications</th></tr><tr style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / 0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><td style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / 0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: var(--bs-table-bg); border-color: inherit; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px; box-shadow: inset 0 0 0 9999px var(--bs-table-accent-bg); box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0.5rem;">1.</td><td style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / 0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: var(--bs-table-bg); border-color: inherit; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px; box-shadow: inset 0 0 0 9999px var(--bs-table-accent-bg); box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0.5rem;">Mission Life (Lander & Rover)</td><td style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / 0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: var(--bs-table-bg); border-color: inherit; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px; box-shadow: inset 0 0 0 9999px var(--bs-table-accent-bg); box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0.5rem;">One lunar day (~14 Earth days)</td></tr><tr style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / 0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><td style="--bs-table-accent-bg: var(--bs-table-striped-bg); --tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / 0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: var(--bs-table-bg); border-color: inherit; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px; box-shadow: inset 0 0 0 9999px var(--bs-table-accent-bg); box-sizing: border-box; color: var(--bs-table-striped-color); padding: 0.5rem;">2.</td><td style="--bs-table-accent-bg: var(--bs-table-striped-bg); --tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / 0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: var(--bs-table-bg); border-color: inherit; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px; box-shadow: inset 0 0 0 9999px var(--bs-table-accent-bg); box-sizing: border-box; color: var(--bs-table-striped-color); padding: 0.5rem;">Landing Site (Prime)</td><td style="--bs-table-accent-bg: var(--bs-table-striped-bg); --tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / 0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: var(--bs-table-bg); border-color: inherit; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px; box-shadow: inset 0 0 0 9999px var(--bs-table-accent-bg); box-sizing: border-box; color: var(--bs-table-striped-color); padding: 0.5rem;">4 km x 2.4 km 69.367621 S, 32.348126 E</td></tr><tr style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / 0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><td style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / 0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: var(--bs-table-bg); border-color: inherit; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px; box-shadow: inset 0 0 0 9999px var(--bs-table-accent-bg); box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0.5rem;">3.</td><td style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / 0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: var(--bs-table-bg); border-color: inherit; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px; box-shadow: inset 0 0 0 9999px var(--bs-table-accent-bg); box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0.5rem;">Science Payloads</td><td style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / 0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: var(--bs-table-bg); border-color: inherit; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px; box-shadow: inset 0 0 0 9999px var(--bs-table-accent-bg); box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0.5rem;">Lander:<ol style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / 0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 1rem; margin-top: 0px; padding-left: 2rem;"><li style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / 0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; box-sizing: border-box;">Radio Anatomy of Moon Bound Hypersensitive ionosphere and Atmosphere (RAMBHA)</li><li style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / 0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; box-sizing: border-box;">Chandra’s Surface Thermo physical Experiment (ChaSTE)</li><li style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / 0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; box-sizing: border-box;">Instrument for Lunar Seismic Activity (ILSA)</li><li style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / 0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; box-sizing: border-box;">Laser Retroreflector Array (LRA) Rover:</li><li style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / 0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; box-sizing: border-box;">Alpha Particle X-Ray Spectrometer (APXS)</li><li style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / 0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; box-sizing: border-box;">Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscope (LIBS) Propulsion Module:</li><li style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / 0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; box-sizing: border-box;">Spectro-polarimetry of HAbitable Planet Earth (SHAPE)</li></ol></td></tr><tr style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / 0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><td style="--bs-table-accent-bg: var(--bs-table-striped-bg); --tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / 0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: var(--bs-table-bg); border-color: inherit; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px; box-shadow: inset 0 0 0 9999px var(--bs-table-accent-bg); box-sizing: border-box; color: var(--bs-table-striped-color); padding: 0.5rem;">4.</td><td style="--bs-table-accent-bg: var(--bs-table-striped-bg); --tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / 0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: var(--bs-table-bg); border-color: inherit; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px; box-shadow: inset 0 0 0 9999px var(--bs-table-accent-bg); box-sizing: border-box; color: var(--bs-table-striped-color); padding: 0.5rem;">Two Module Configuration</td><td style="--bs-table-accent-bg: var(--bs-table-striped-bg); --tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / 0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: var(--bs-table-bg); border-color: inherit; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px; box-shadow: inset 0 0 0 9999px var(--bs-table-accent-bg); box-sizing: border-box; color: var(--bs-table-striped-color); padding: 0.5rem;"><ol style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / 0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 1rem; margin-top: 0px; padding-left: 2rem;"><li style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / 0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; box-sizing: border-box;">Propulsion Module (Carries Lander from launch injection to Lunar orbit)</li><li style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / 0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; box-sizing: border-box;">Lander Module (Rover is accommodated inside the Lander)</li></ol></td></tr><tr style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / 0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><td style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / 0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: var(--bs-table-bg); border-color: inherit; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px; box-shadow: inset 0 0 0 9999px var(--bs-table-accent-bg); box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0.5rem;">5.</td><td style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / 0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: var(--bs-table-bg); border-color: inherit; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px; box-shadow: inset 0 0 0 9999px var(--bs-table-accent-bg); box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0.5rem;">Mass</td><td style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / 0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: var(--bs-table-bg); border-color: inherit; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px; box-shadow: inset 0 0 0 9999px var(--bs-table-accent-bg); box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0.5rem;"><ol style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / 0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 1rem; margin-top: 0px; padding-left: 2rem;"><li style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / 0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; box-sizing: border-box;">Propulsion Module: 2148 kg</li><li style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / 0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; box-sizing: border-box;">Lander Module: 1752 kg including Rover of 26 kg</li><li style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / 0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; box-sizing: border-box;">Total: 3900 kg</li></ol></td></tr><tr style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / 0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><td style="--bs-table-accent-bg: var(--bs-table-striped-bg); --tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / 0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: var(--bs-table-bg); border-color: inherit; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px; box-shadow: inset 0 0 0 9999px var(--bs-table-accent-bg); box-sizing: border-box; color: var(--bs-table-striped-color); padding: 0.5rem;">6.</td><td style="--bs-table-accent-bg: var(--bs-table-striped-bg); --tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / 0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: var(--bs-table-bg); border-color: inherit; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px; box-shadow: inset 0 0 0 9999px var(--bs-table-accent-bg); box-sizing: border-box; color: var(--bs-table-striped-color); padding: 0.5rem;">Power generation</td><td style="--bs-table-accent-bg: var(--bs-table-striped-bg); --tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / 0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: var(--bs-table-bg); border-color: inherit; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px; box-shadow: inset 0 0 0 9999px var(--bs-table-accent-bg); box-sizing: border-box; color: var(--bs-table-striped-color); padding: 0.5rem;"><ol style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / 0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 1rem; margin-top: 0px; padding-left: 2rem;"><li style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / 0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; box-sizing: border-box;">Propulsion Module: 758 W</li><li style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / 0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; box-sizing: border-box;">Lander Module: 738W, WS with Bias</li><li style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / 0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; box-sizing: border-box;">Rover: 50W</li></ol></td></tr><tr style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / 0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><td style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / 0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: var(--bs-table-bg); border-color: inherit; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px; box-shadow: inset 0 0 0 9999px var(--bs-table-accent-bg); box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0.5rem;">7.</td><td style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / 0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: var(--bs-table-bg); border-color: inherit; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px; box-shadow: inset 0 0 0 9999px var(--bs-table-accent-bg); box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0.5rem;">Communication</td><td style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / 0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: var(--bs-table-bg); border-color: inherit; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px; box-shadow: inset 0 0 0 9999px var(--bs-table-accent-bg); box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0.5rem;"><ol style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / 0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 1rem; margin-top: 0px; padding-left: 2rem;"><li style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / 0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; box-sizing: border-box;">Propulsion Module: Communicates with IDSN</li><li style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / 0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; box-sizing: border-box;">Lander Module: Communicates with IDSN and Rover. Chandrayaan-2 Orbiter is also planned for contingency link.</li><li style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / 0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; box-sizing: border-box;">Rover: Communicates only with Lander.</li></ol></td></tr><tr style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / 0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><td style="--bs-table-accent-bg: var(--bs-table-striped-bg); --tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / 0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: var(--bs-table-bg); border-color: inherit; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px; box-shadow: inset 0 0 0 9999px var(--bs-table-accent-bg); box-sizing: border-box; color: var(--bs-table-striped-color); padding: 0.5rem;">8.</td><td style="--bs-table-accent-bg: var(--bs-table-striped-bg); --tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / 0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: var(--bs-table-bg); border-color: inherit; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px; box-shadow: inset 0 0 0 9999px var(--bs-table-accent-bg); box-sizing: border-box; color: var(--bs-table-striped-color); padding: 0.5rem;">Lander Sensors</td><td style="--bs-table-accent-bg: var(--bs-table-striped-bg); --tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / 0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: var(--bs-table-bg); border-color: inherit; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px; box-shadow: inset 0 0 0 9999px var(--bs-table-accent-bg); box-sizing: border-box; color: var(--bs-table-striped-color); padding: 0.5rem;"><ol style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / 0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 1rem; margin-top: 0px; padding-left: 2rem;"><li style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / 0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; box-sizing: border-box;">Laser Inertial Referencing and Accelerometer Package (LIRAP)</li><li style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / 0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; box-sizing: border-box;">Ka-Band Altimeter (KaRA)</li><li style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / 0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; box-sizing: border-box;">Lander Position Detection Camera (LPDC)</li><li style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / 0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; box-sizing: border-box;">LHDAC (Lander Hazard Detection & Avoidance Camera)</li><li style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / 0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; box-sizing: border-box;">Laser Altimeter (LASA)</li><li style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / 0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; box-sizing: border-box;">Laser Doppler Velocimeter (LDV)</li><li style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / 0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; box-sizing: border-box;">Lander Horizontal Velocity Camera (LHVC)</li><li style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / 0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; box-sizing: border-box;">Micro Star sensor</li><li style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / 0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; box-sizing: border-box;">Inclinometer & Touchdown sensors</li></ol></td></tr><tr style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / 0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><td style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / 0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: var(--bs-table-bg); border-color: inherit; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px; box-shadow: inset 0 0 0 9999px var(--bs-table-accent-bg); box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0.5rem;">9.</td><td style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / 0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: var(--bs-table-bg); border-color: inherit; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px; box-shadow: inset 0 0 0 9999px var(--bs-table-accent-bg); box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0.5rem;">Lander Actuators</td><td style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / 0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: var(--bs-table-bg); border-color: inherit; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px; box-shadow: inset 0 0 0 9999px var(--bs-table-accent-bg); box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0.5rem;">Reaction wheels – 4 nos (10 Nms & 0.1 Nm)</td></tr><tr style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / 0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><td style="--bs-table-accent-bg: var(--bs-table-striped-bg); --tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / 0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: var(--bs-table-bg); border-color: inherit; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px; box-shadow: inset 0 0 0 9999px var(--bs-table-accent-bg); box-sizing: border-box; color: var(--bs-table-striped-color); padding: 0.5rem;">10.</td><td style="--bs-table-accent-bg: var(--bs-table-striped-bg); --tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / 0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: var(--bs-table-bg); border-color: inherit; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px; box-shadow: inset 0 0 0 9999px var(--bs-table-accent-bg); box-sizing: border-box; color: var(--bs-table-striped-color); padding: 0.5rem;">Lander Propulsion System</td><td style="--bs-table-accent-bg: var(--bs-table-striped-bg); --tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / 0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: var(--bs-table-bg); border-color: inherit; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px; box-shadow: inset 0 0 0 9999px var(--bs-table-accent-bg); box-sizing: border-box; color: var(--bs-table-striped-color); padding: 0.5rem;">Bi-Propellant Propulsion System (MMH + MON3), 4 nos. of 800 N Throttleable engines & 8 nos. of 58 N; Throttleable Engine Control Electronics</td></tr><tr style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / 0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><td style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / 0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: var(--bs-table-bg); border-color: inherit; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px; box-shadow: inset 0 0 0 9999px var(--bs-table-accent-bg); box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0.5rem;">11.</td><td style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / 0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: var(--bs-table-bg); border-color: inherit; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px; box-shadow: inset 0 0 0 9999px var(--bs-table-accent-bg); box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0.5rem;">Lander Mechanisms</td><td style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / 0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: var(--bs-table-bg); border-color: inherit; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px; box-shadow: inset 0 0 0 9999px var(--bs-table-accent-bg); box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0.5rem;"><ol style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / 0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 1rem; margin-top: 0px; padding-left: 2rem;"><li style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / 0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; box-sizing: border-box;">Lander leg</li><li style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / 0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; box-sizing: border-box;">Rover Ramp (Primary & Secondary)</li><li style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / 0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; box-sizing: border-box;">Rover</li><li style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / 0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; box-sizing: border-box;">ILSA, Rambha & Chaste Payloads</li><li style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / 0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; box-sizing: border-box;">Umbilical connector Protection Mechanism,</li><li style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / 0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; box-sizing: border-box;">X- Band Antenna</li></ol></td></tr><tr style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / 0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><td style="--bs-table-accent-bg: var(--bs-table-striped-bg); --tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / 0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: var(--bs-table-bg); border-color: inherit; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px; box-shadow: inset 0 0 0 9999px var(--bs-table-accent-bg); box-sizing: border-box; color: var(--bs-table-striped-color); padding: 0.5rem;">12.</td><td style="--bs-table-accent-bg: var(--bs-table-striped-bg); --tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / 0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: var(--bs-table-bg); border-color: inherit; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px; box-shadow: inset 0 0 0 9999px var(--bs-table-accent-bg); box-sizing: border-box; color: var(--bs-table-striped-color); padding: 0.5rem;">Lander Touchdown specifications</td><td style="--bs-table-accent-bg: var(--bs-table-striped-bg); --tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / 0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: var(--bs-table-bg); border-color: inherit; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px; box-shadow: inset 0 0 0 9999px var(--bs-table-accent-bg); box-sizing: border-box; color: var(--bs-table-striped-color); padding: 0.5rem;"><ol style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / 0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 1rem; margin-top: 0px; padding-left: 2rem;"><li style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / 0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; box-sizing: border-box;">Vertical velocity: ≤ 2 m / sec</li><li style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / 0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; box-sizing: border-box;">Horizontal velocity: ≤ 0.5 m / sec</li><li style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / 0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; box-sizing: border-box;">Slope: ≤ 120<br /></li></ol></td></tr></tbody></table></div>Planetary Grouphttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10571076621507605305noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1329692705490015224.post-45363869849457940002023-07-12T15:26:00.010+05:302023-07-16T15:30:04.423+05:30CHANDRAYAAN 3 INDIA'S THIRD MISSION TO MOON <p><span style="background-color: #fdfdfd; font-family: Helvetica, "Verdana Arial", sans-serif; font-size: 16px; text-align: justify;">Chandrayaan-3 is scheduled to launch on <b>14 July 2023 at 2.35pm. It</b> is a follow-on mission to Chandrayaan-2 to demonstrate end-to-end capability in safe landing and roving on the lunar surface. It consists of Lander and Rover configuration. It will be launched by LVM3 from SDSC SHAR, Sriharikota. The propulsion module will carry the lander and rover configuration till 100 km lunar orbit. The propulsion module has Spectro-polarimetry of Habitable Planet Earth (SHAPE) payload to study the spectral and Polari metric measurements of Earth from the lunar orbit.</span></p><div class="col-lg-9 col-md-9 col-sm-9 col-xl-9" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / 0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: #fdfdfd; box-sizing: border-box; flex: 0 0 auto; font-family: Helvetica, "Verdana Arial", sans-serif; font-size: 16px; margin-top: var(--bs-gutter-y); max-width: 100%; padding-left: calc(var(--bs-gutter-x) * 0.5); padding-right: calc(var(--bs-gutter-x) * 0.5); text-align: justify; width: 632.7px;"><p class="pageContent" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / 0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 1rem; margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; user-select: text !important;"><span style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / 0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: bolder;">Lander payloads: </span>Chandra’s Surface Thermophysical Experiment (ChaSTE) to measure the thermal conductivity and temperature; Instrument for Lunar Seismic Activity (ILSA) for measuring the seismicity around the landing site; Langmuir Probe (LP) to estimate the plasma density and its variations. A passive Laser Retroreflector Array from NASA is accommodated for lunar laser ranging studies.</p><p class="pageContent" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / 0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 1rem; margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; user-select: text !important;"><span style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / 0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: bolder;">Rover payloads: </span>Alpha Particle X-ray Spectrometer (APXS) and Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscope (LIBS) for deriving the elemental composition in the vicinity of landing site.</p></div><div class="col-lg-12 col-md-12 col-sm-12 col-xl-12" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / 0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: #fdfdfd; box-sizing: border-box; flex: 0 0 auto; font-family: Helvetica, "Verdana Arial", sans-serif; font-size: 16px; margin-top: var(--bs-gutter-y); max-width: 100%; padding-left: calc(var(--bs-gutter-x) * 0.5); padding-right: calc(var(--bs-gutter-x) * 0.5); text-align: justify; width: 843.6px;"><p class="pageContent" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / 0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 1rem; margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; user-select: text !important;">Chandrayaan-3 consists of an indigenous Lander module (LM), Propulsion module (PM) and a Rover with an objective of developing and demonstrating new technologies required for Inter planetary missions. The Lander will have the capability to soft land at a specified lunar site and deploy the Rover which will carry out in-situ chemical analysis of the lunar surface during the course of its mobility. The Lander and the Rover have scientific payloads to carry out experiments on the lunar surface. The main function of PM is to carry the LM from launch vehicle injection till final lunar 100 km circular polar orbit and separate the LM from PM. Apart from this, the Propulsion Module also has one scientific payload as a value addition which will be operated post separation of Lander Module. The launcher identified for Chandrayaan-3 is GSLV-Mk3 which will place the integrated module in an Elliptic Parking Orbit (EPO) of size ~170 x 36500 km.</p><p class="pageContent" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / 0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 1rem; margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; user-select: text !important;"><b>The mission objectives of Chandrayaan-3 are:</b></p><p class="pageContent" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / 0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 1rem; margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; user-select: text !important;"></p><ol style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / 0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 1rem; margin-top: 0px; padding-left: 2rem;"><li style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / 0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; box-sizing: border-box;">To demonstrate Safe and Soft Landing on Lunar Surface</li><li style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / 0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; box-sizing: border-box;">To demonstrate Rover roving on the moon and</li><li style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / 0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; box-sizing: border-box;">To conduct in-situ scientific experiments.</li></ol></div>Planetary Grouphttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10571076621507605305noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1329692705490015224.post-31779097326997382652023-05-09T11:02:00.003+05:302023-05-09T11:10:03.675+05:30ZERO SHADOW DAY HYDERABAD 9 MAY 2023 12.12 <p> On 9<sup>th</sup> May 2023 one of the interesting celestial
events “Zero Shadow” will occur at 12.12 pm Noon. Hence to create awareness about
this occurrence promoting astronomy, the role of the tropics in Earth's climate is celebrated as “Zero Shadow Day”. </p><p><br /></p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEh0X4RWPQPvHm7dw2IZFxEhyuyNbUpjBb7l_PKtgy-7hsvhoEedi7TDn0EK0v9qZk2SX6y3fwq59jrr_m01akR948Y20WwhCK3tDzL3Oadc3QSDN04dPGUOmoCJVPhm2LeteAYv4h77rXjhQWSU_nqg-NiWwG-5jzhozGclrEDHUXaRApWB2xtIW9zL" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="525" data-original-width="800" height="421" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEh0X4RWPQPvHm7dw2IZFxEhyuyNbUpjBb7l_PKtgy-7hsvhoEedi7TDn0EK0v9qZk2SX6y3fwq59jrr_m01akR948Y20WwhCK3tDzL3Oadc3QSDN04dPGUOmoCJVPhm2LeteAYv4h77rXjhQWSU_nqg-NiWwG-5jzhozGclrEDHUXaRApWB2xtIW9zL=w640-h421" width="640" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiO63IQvmqxMAkcB40AO04g342v73b-2IEvVdC3lJkUcdqH6oTf9LLTm33_nE5QnNmeqQDjuJoOcm4Mtw5C9CgHahecSVAWFtp2lh7aHulDUos_Dy651V5lVzovekuC3Bocr_JTUjSYkfc76xicPuLEIc6hnMSgU6cRCaHav-yPR99U1QKuJebAtzt0" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="934" data-original-width="1600" height="374" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiO63IQvmqxMAkcB40AO04g342v73b-2IEvVdC3lJkUcdqH6oTf9LLTm33_nE5QnNmeqQDjuJoOcm4Mtw5C9CgHahecSVAWFtp2lh7aHulDUos_Dy651V5lVzovekuC3Bocr_JTUjSYkfc76xicPuLEIc6hnMSgU6cRCaHav-yPR99U1QKuJebAtzt0=w640-h374" width="640" /></a></div><br /><br /></div><br /><br /><p></p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiaTGlSApx31Z3k2PHUAFDXKvGnViTt8mI3ivY0RSwga0ehyRWhGo-Ca-1EExrE0NdJ8SUHSbIQ5h3enjQBe9k7YR9n5T6c_2ZzdIV36PO3ABerAEsNXSqFeOv-SDAM0RDMGnrs4uc1EgpJA0krWDITikPa71coZzSGzkG-ua_oLeY5IwgcuUE5wlBn" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="350" data-original-width="600" height="234" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiaTGlSApx31Z3k2PHUAFDXKvGnViTt8mI3ivY0RSwga0ehyRWhGo-Ca-1EExrE0NdJ8SUHSbIQ5h3enjQBe9k7YR9n5T6c_2ZzdIV36PO3ABerAEsNXSqFeOv-SDAM0RDMGnrs4uc1EgpJA0krWDITikPa71coZzSGzkG-ua_oLeY5IwgcuUE5wlBn=w400-h234" width="400" /></a></div>Zero Shadow occurs when Sun is exactly
overhead for a location. Whereas this event occurs twice every year. The date of Occurrence of this event varies
according to the observer’s location in certain latitudes on the Globe. The next Zero Shadow for Hyderabad will occur
on 3<sup>rd</sup> August 2023 (12.22 pm Noon).<p></p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiDhzm5lxG93QRfSatMKcKPFbNnxfBYZffFbMrl1mHhr7bN7x8zkG8xeWUJkIaLgX0lt-5Vh9q2zbNCa6R347k2HqRbvLAvBUaGYbLjaTBXHD_I5QcNIFDOZHRKf3KBkMQocgAs7MQj9OuCSn_M2vTEiI3ivIcEY6KLIpOZ0MNYrzTyUIizHti6EApJ" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="720" data-original-width="1280" height="360" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiDhzm5lxG93QRfSatMKcKPFbNnxfBYZffFbMrl1mHhr7bN7x8zkG8xeWUJkIaLgX0lt-5Vh9q2zbNCa6R347k2HqRbvLAvBUaGYbLjaTBXHD_I5QcNIFDOZHRKf3KBkMQocgAs7MQj9OuCSn_M2vTEiI3ivIcEY6KLIpOZ0MNYrzTyUIizHti6EApJ=w640-h360" width="640" /></a></div><br /><br /><p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Its a fact that Earth taken has a globe, is separated into two
halves by an imaginary line of the Equator. In which northern halve is called the northern
hemisphere and the southern halve is called Southern Hemisphere. Importantly for
various purposes, we have lines of latitude and longitude drawn on the Earth’s
Globe. Wherein the latitude of the “<b>Tropic of Cancer”</b> is located 23.5
degrees North of the Equator. Whereas the Latitude of the <b>“Tropic of Capricorn”</b> is located 23.5 Degree South of the Equator. It is important to know 40% of the world's
population inhabits the tropical regions of the globe. These regions are
typically characterized by hot and humid climates, abundant rainfall, and lush
vegetation.<o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal"></p><p class="MsoNormal">Zero Shadow occurs when Sun reaches the highest point in the sky
above the <b>Tropic of Cancer</b> or <b>Tropic of Capricorn</b> every year.
Rotation of Earth with 23.5 Degree axial tilt and Earth’s Elliptic path of
revolution around the Sun. Results in North Ward movement of the Sun (Uttarayana) or
South Ward Movement of Sun (Dakshinayana) in the earth Sky thus contributing to the occurrence of Zero Shadow Day. Dates and
timings. <o:p></o:p></p>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
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<td colspan="3" style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 467.5pt;" valign="top" width="623">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">ZERO SHADOW DAY DATES<o:p></o:p></p>
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<td style="border-top: none; border: 1pt solid windowtext; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 112.25pt;" valign="top" width="150">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">Vishakapatnam<o:p></o:p></p>
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<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 2.25in;" valign="top" width="216">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">10 May 2023 (11.53 a.m.) <o:p></o:p></p>
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<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 193.25pt;" valign="top" width="258">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">2 August 2023 (12.04pm Noon)<o:p></o:p></p>
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<td style="border-top: none; border: 1pt solid windowtext; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 112.25pt;" valign="top" width="150">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">Warangal<o:p></o:p></p>
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<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 2.25in;" valign="top" width="216">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">11 May 2023 (12.08 pm Noon) <o:p></o:p></p>
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<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 193.25pt;" valign="top" width="258">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">1 August (12.18 pm Noon)<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">Vizianagaram<o:p></o:p></p>
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<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 2.25in;" valign="top" width="216">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">12 May 2023 (11.52am) <o:p></o:p></p>
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<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 193.25pt;" valign="top" width="258">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">31 July (12.03 pm Noon)<o:p></o:p></p>
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<td style="border-top: none; border: 1pt solid windowtext; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 112.25pt;" valign="top" width="150">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">Srikakulam<o:p></o:p></p>
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<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 2.25in;" valign="top" width="216">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">12 May 2023 (11.51am) <o:p></o:p></p>
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<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 193.25pt;" valign="top" width="258">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">31 July (12.01 pm Noon)<o:p></o:p></p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><o:p></o:p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhVsP5SkjvpaXswwI_EJV7LPbM_R_UdcHBo4VTaJpXyWBDoQWW3sX7KuQ0u2CNkenut3BgNxpmx2CrlqZ5mIwGjuLaMbnnMhBkgt6pHeFVUhro3t6zy0C61w8uuFKhvCUtrT9Vu2S9Ci4FQCWrnPJQEc27KXTbq_ul73BmX64m4-kMIr0vIq3m4kv5L" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="1650" data-original-width="1275" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhVsP5SkjvpaXswwI_EJV7LPbM_R_UdcHBo4VTaJpXyWBDoQWW3sX7KuQ0u2CNkenut3BgNxpmx2CrlqZ5mIwGjuLaMbnnMhBkgt6pHeFVUhro3t6zy0C61w8uuFKhvCUtrT9Vu2S9Ci4FQCWrnPJQEc27KXTbq_ul73BmX64m4-kMIr0vIq3m4kv5L=w494-h640" width="494" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiydOwzOXXUdz5M6Q3xhagBMZS7UB1LrMnkQ2TnuGXNH_FSZ12u52aFzWgvQk29qqKXaypmVddEO6lUcV7l_FqfunT3CnG7XyC6ekgjSuDNcc9aEoo9i9sXV90bSSYJxmwnZ0cAfAk6eYzZ-WbNLk8EsmR8PvQ-jJjcwaxYxjjE96vhYyvU9r5grIZr" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="1650" data-original-width="1275" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiydOwzOXXUdz5M6Q3xhagBMZS7UB1LrMnkQ2TnuGXNH_FSZ12u52aFzWgvQk29qqKXaypmVddEO6lUcV7l_FqfunT3CnG7XyC6ekgjSuDNcc9aEoo9i9sXV90bSSYJxmwnZ0cAfAk6eYzZ-WbNLk8EsmR8PvQ-jJjcwaxYxjjE96vhYyvU9r5grIZr=w493-h640" width="493" /></a></div><br /><br /><p></p>Planetary Grouphttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10571076621507605305noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1329692705490015224.post-37879830074318828312022-11-07T14:08:00.002+05:302022-11-07T14:08:44.831+05:308th NOV 2022 - LAST TOTAL LUNAR ECLIPSE TILL 2025 <p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; text-indent: .5in;"><b style="text-indent: 0.5in;"><u><span style="font-size: 17.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">8<sup>th</sup> NOV 2022 - LAST TOTAL LUNAR ECLIPSE TILL
2025 </span></u></b></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .65in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">(Between 8 Nov 2022 and Sept 2025 – Five Lunar
Eclipses will occur – People in India have to wait till 7 Sept 2025 to see a Total
Lunar Eclipse - Lunar Eclipse occurring on 28 Oct 2023 visible in India is
Partial)<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .65in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-size: 3.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"> <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">On 8<sup>th</sup> November 2022 a <b>Total
Lunar Eclipse</b> will occur. This is the last Eclipse of year, among four
eclipses for year 2022. Though this eclipse is a <b>Total Lunar Eclipse, </b>totality is visible only in East or North
Eastern state of India based on Moon rise timings before <b>5.12 p.m</b>. Whereas rest of India would see the eclipse partially
till <b>6.19 p.m.</b> <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; text-indent: 0.5in;">The duration of eclipse and percentage of Moon’s disk covered for an
observer would depend on rising timings of moon at various locations in India. As
Eclipse begins before Moon Rise for people India, we will miss the beginning
phase of Eclipse. However people will witness the end of eclipse with Moon
slowly leaving the darker shadow of earth by </span><b style="font-size: 11pt; text-indent: 0.5in;">6.19 p.m</b><span style="font-size: 11pt; text-indent: 0.5in;">.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b style="text-indent: 0.5in;"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Across</span></b><span style="font-size: 11pt; text-indent: 0.5in;"> the world visibility of
the eclipse is dependent on timings of Moon Rise or Moonset. In few countries people
will see eclipse at time when Moon is setting in their location. Example
North/South American countries. Which means people in these countries would see
only beginning of eclipse. <b>Whereas at</b> other places people will see
eclipse at time when Moon is rising. Example: For people in India & other
countries in Asia. Eclipse would begin before Moon rise and they will see the
end of eclipse. <b>However, people only in
few places across the world would witness the totality of the moon either at Beginning
or End of Totality Phase (like east and north east parts of India).</b> This eclipse
will be visible </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; text-indent: 0.5in;">in the region covering South
America, North America, Australia, Asia, North Atlantic Ocean, and Pacific
Ocean.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; text-indent: 0.5in;">The Last
Lunar Eclipse visible in India occurred on </span><b style="font-size: 11pt; text-indent: 0.5in;">19
November, 2021</b><span style="font-size: 11pt; text-indent: 0.5in;"> which was Longest Partial Lunar Eclipse in 580 Years. As
recorded by NASA from New Orleans the duration of Partial Eclipse on </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; text-indent: 0.5in;">19 November 2021 was for 3hrs
28 Min 24 Sec. </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; text-indent: 0.5in;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; text-indent: 0.5in;">Whereas the Next Eclipse
visible from India which is </span><b style="font-size: 11pt; text-indent: 0.5in;">Partial
Lunar Eclipse</b><span style="font-size: 11pt; text-indent: 0.5in;"> will occur on night of </span><b style="font-size: 11pt; text-indent: 0.5in;">28th
and 29<sup>th</sup> October in 2023</b><span style="font-size: 11pt; text-indent: 0.5in;">.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-size: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> </span></b><b style="text-indent: 0.5in;"><u><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Timings of Eclipse in
Indian standard Time on 8<sup>th</sup> Nov 2022:</span></u></b><b style="text-indent: 0.5in;"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"> </span></b><span style="font-size: 11pt; text-indent: 0.5in;">Eclipse
in various phases <b>begins</b> at <b>1.30p.m IST and ends at 7.28pm IST. </b>However,<b> </b>the noticeable Umbral phase begins at <b>2.39 p.m. IST </b>and Ends at <b>06.19 p.m. IST. In other words, t</b>hough astronomically
speaking Eclipse begins at<b> 1.30 p.m.</b>
with moon entering lighter Shadow of Earth. <b>People can noticeably witness</b> darkening or leaving of Moon’s disk
by Earth Shadow between <b>2.39 p.m</b> IST
to <b>6.19 p.m. IST on</b> 8<sup>th</sup>
November, 2022. Whereas the Totality Phase when Moon’s disk is completely
immersed in Dark shadow of Earth starts a<b>t
3.46 p.m. </b>and ends at <b>5.12 p.m.</b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><u><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Next Total Lunar Eclipse in
2025 – East, North East Best Place for 8 Nov 2022:</span></u></b><b><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"> </span></b><span style="font-size: 11pt;">Here
is the list of Lunar Eclipses after 8 Nov 2022. <b>(1).</b> 5 May 2023 – Penumbral Lunar Eclipse, <b>(2).</b> 28 Oct 2023 – Partial Lunar Eclipse (visible in India) <b>(3).</b> 25 March 2024 - Penumbral Lunar
Eclipse <b>(4).</b> 18 Sept 2024 – Partial
Lunar Eclipse (<b>5).</b> 14 March 2025 –
Total Lunar Eclipse (not visible in India) <b>(6).
</b>7<sup>th</sup> Sept 2025 – Total Lunar Eclipse (visible in India). <b>Which means there are five Lunar Eclipse
occurring in next three years and the next Total Lunar Eclipse will only occur
in 2025. Hence people should not miss the Lunar Eclipse on 8 Nov 2022.</b> Whereas on 8<sup>th</sup>
Nov 2022, people visiting or staying in Eastern or Northern Eastern parts of
India will get best opportunity to see entire disk of Moon immersed in dark
shadow of Earth.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 4.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 4pt;"> </span><b><u><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Eclipse
for People In Telugu States – Partial – till 6.19 p.m. – Percentage – What to expect:</span></u></b><b><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"> </span></b><span style="font-size: 11pt;"> Though visible umbral phase of Eclipse starts
at 2.39 p.m. before Moonrise. <b>People in
Hyderabad</b> can see the eclipse from 5.40 p.m. in Telangana. For Vijayawada
in A.P. it’s from 5.33p.m. Whereas people in Rajahmundry will be first to see
the eclipse from 5.25p.m. It’s important to note people in north and north
eastern parts of both states would be first to witness the eclipse compared to
Western or Southern parts. Duration and Percentage of Lunar Eclipse visible is be
based on rising time of Moon in their location. On 8 Nov 2022 as <b>Totality phase is already over at 5.12 p.m.
before moon rises here. People would miss entire disk of Moon immersed in Earth
shadow. They would however see Moon a portion of Moon eclipse as Moon rises in
East. Importantly people here would witness Moon leaving earth’s dark shadow by
6.19 p.m. </b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-size: 6.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> </span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify;"><b><u><span style="font-size: 2.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> </span></u></b><b style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">FOR PLANETARY SOCIETY OF INDIA (PSI), Director,
N.Sri Raghunandan Kumar .</span></b></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">PSI celebrated 20<sup>th</sup> establishment
day ceremony on 17<sup>th</sup> Oct 2022.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-size: 11.0pt;"> </span></b></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-size: 11.0pt;"> </span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; text-indent: -.5in;"><b><span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">EXPLAINATION
NOTES: <o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; text-indent: -.5in;"><b><span style="font-size: 6.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> </span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; text-indent: -.5in;"><b><u><span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">1. A
Lunar Eclipse: </span></u></b><span style="font-size: 11.0pt;"> occurs when earth in course of its orbit
around sun, comes between moon and sun such a <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; text-indent: -.5in;"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">way that moon his hidden in the shadow cast by earth.
This can occur only when the Sun, Earth, and Moon are <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; text-indent: -.5in;"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">aligned in a straight line. Hence lunar eclipse occurs
only when there is full moon. <b><o:p></o:p></b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; text-indent: -.5in;"><b><span style="font-size: 11.0pt;"> </span></b><b style="text-indent: -0.5in;"><u><span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">2.
Penumbra and Umbra</span></u></b><b style="text-indent: -0.5in;"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">: </span></b><span style="font-size: 11pt; text-indent: -0.5in;">Earth’s shadow has two parts Penumbra (outer lighter
part) and Umbra (darker</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; text-indent: -.5in;"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">part). All Lunar Eclipse begin with moon first
entering penumbra at one end passing through umbral phase and <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; text-indent: -.5in;"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">ending with
Leaving the penumbra on other end. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">Generally
only the Umbra phase is commonly considered as actual eclipse by General public
to follow various rituals and traditions leaving Penumbra passage of moon.
Whereas scientifically speaking all Lunar Eclipse begin and end with moon
entering and leaving the penumbra (lighter outer shadow of earth).</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: .5in;"><b style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"><u><span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">3. </span></u></b><b style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"><u><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Totality in East and North Eastern States – Rest of
India Partial:</span></u></b><b style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"> </span></b><span style="font-size: 11pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;">In India Agartala, Aizawl, Bhagalpur, Bhubaneswar, Cooch Behar, Cuttack,
Darjeeling, Dibrugarh, Gangtok, Guwahati, Gaya, Hazaribagh, Imphal, Itanagar, Kohima,
Kolkata, Midnapore, Murshidabad, Muzaffarpur, Patna, Port Blair, Puri, Ranchi, Shillong, Sibsagar, Silchar, Siliguri,
Tamelong, Varanasi, Chittagong are the places where the people can witness the
Moon full eclipsed in Earth’s dark shadow towards end of the <b>Totality phase ie. 5.12p.m.</b> Whereas<b> rest of the country people can witness the
eclipse in partial phase only with a portion of Moon Disk eclipsed.</b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b><u><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">4. First
& Last Places to see Eclipse on 8<sup>th</sup> Nov 2022 – Depends on Moon
rise time on 8<sup>th</sup> Nov :</span></u></b><b><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"> </span></b><span style="font-size: 11pt;">People in Eastern or North
Eastern most parts of India like <b>Dibrugarh</b>
will be the first to see the eclipse on 8<sup>th</sup> November starting <b>4.17p.m</b>. In India. They will see the
Moon completely immersed in dark shadow of earth as the Totality phase already
started at 3.46p.m. Whereas people in Itanagar & Kohima will see the
eclipse starting from 4.24p.m. People in <b>Northern
most</b> parts of India like ladakh will see eclipse from 5.17p.m.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 2.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><b><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">People in Central part of India like in Bhopal</span></b><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"> would start seeing the
eclipse from <b>5.36p.m</b>. Whereas people
in <b>Southern most part of India</b> i.e.
Kanyakumari will witness the eclipse from <b>5.57p.m.</b>
In Kavaratti (Lakshadweep) eclipse is
visible from 6.11 p.m. <b>People in Western
most parts of India like in Dwaraka</b> will be last to witness the eclipse
from <b>6.12 p.m</b>. for just 7mins before
end of Umbral Phase at 6.19p.m. Here people will see a very small part of Moon
Disk eclipsed. <b>This means duration of
the eclipse and percentage of Moon disk eclipsed would differ as we move from
East or North parts towards Western and Southern part of India depending on
rising time of moon for a location. <o:p></o:p></b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><u><span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">5. Pregnant Woman
– Superstitious Restrictions – Food Spoilage – Govt & WHO:</span></u></b><b><span style="font-size: 11.0pt;"> </span></b><span style="font-size: 11pt;">During
eclipse various restrictions in the form of rituals based on misunderstanding
of Eclipse are imposed on Pregnant ladies in India. <b>Cleft lip and cleft palate</b> which is a medical condition is wrongly
associated with Eclipse as after effect in unborn kids. If Eclipses were harmful to pregnant women,
unborn kids the World Health Organization <b>(WHO)</b>
would have issued medical advisory to nations. At least, Ministry of Health
& Family Welfare in India would have warned people since last 70
years. <b>Further regarding food, if it </b>was to be spoiled by eclipse, Food
Safety and Standards Authority of India <b>(FSSAI),</b>
CSIR organisations would have warned people.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 6.66667px; text-indent: 0.5in;"><b> </b></span><span style="font-size: 11pt; text-indent: 0.5in;">Whereas Science
organizations, Government bodies do issue instructions regarding solar eclipse as
Sun shouldn’t be viewed directly or through binoculars or x-ray films. But only
through solar filters or Grade 14 Welder Glass and indirect methods. However
astrologers are misinterpreting these instructions and spreading various myths,
superstitions creating fear in the people against eclipses. </span><b style="font-size: 11pt; text-indent: 0.5in;">Further </b><span style="font-size: 11pt; text-indent: 0.5in;">a Lunar Eclipse can be seen
directly with bare eyes.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 3.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> </span><b style="text-indent: 0.5in;"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">Now that there is widespread superstition on the issue
of Food, Pregnant Women, travel during eclipses. Govt of India should issue
special instructions and also prevent superstitious ideas being spread using
social media. It should instruct state governments to take special steps to
prevent Naraballi (Human Sacrifice) incidents prevalent during eclipses.</span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-size: 11.0pt;"> </span></b><b><u><span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">6. Social Media misinformation</span></u></b><b><span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">: </span></b><span style="font-size: 11pt;">Its fact that we see phases of Moon in span of 30 days
(New moon to full moon and back to New Moon). I.e. Full Moon to New Moon or new
moon to full moon occur in span of 15 days. It’s also a fact that a Solar or
Lunar Eclipse occur on New Moon day or Full Moon day. In other words whenever
Sun Moon Earth are aligned in a line. If on that day if its New Moon day a
Solar Eclipse will occur. During such alignment if its Full Moon day a Lunar
Eclipse will occur.</span></p><p>
</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">Importantly often Solar Eclipse is followed Lunar
Eclipse or sometimes Lunar Eclipse precedes the Solar Eclipse in a Year. The occurrence of two eclipses in a month is not uncommon. However social media few
videos are terming the Solar Eclipse on 25 Oct followed by Lunar Eclipse on 8
Nov as rare leading to serious repercussions. <b>People should be alert against such false claims misusing scientific
data.</b> <o:p></o:p></span></p>Planetary Grouphttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10571076621507605305noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1329692705490015224.post-44786091544922954642022-09-27T00:06:00.005+05:302022-09-27T00:06:46.339+05:30NASA DART MISSION – TO IMPACT A ASTEROID 27 SEPT 4.44AM IST<p>Watch Live stream👇:** 27th Sept 2022 early morning at 4.44 a.m NASA will crash an 610 kg uncrewed spacecraft called DART into an asteroid called **Dimorphos*. Liciacube a Cubesat Satellite which already separated from the spacecraft would watching the impact and relay the Ejecta images after impact. **This approx. Rs.2641 crores** mission ($324 Million) is the world’s first mission to test technology for defending Earth against potential asteroid or comet hazards. Both DART spacecraft & Liciacube Cubsat were launched into orbit by Space X Falcon Mission on 24 Nov 2021 with eye on 26 Sept 2022 flyby. In this Mission **NASA will do what no spacecraft has done before attempt to change the speed and orbit of asteroid in space*. If successful this mission will prove humanity’s ability to stop cosmic objects from devastating life on Earth. Watch it live here https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-6Z1E0mW2ag . **At time of impacting/crashing the DART impactor spacecraft, the asteroid is at 11 million km from earth**. NASA says there is no danger now or future due to this test for earth. N.SRI RAGHUNDAN KUMAR DIRECTOR PLANETARY SOCIETY OF INDIA .</p>Planetary Grouphttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10571076621507605305noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1329692705490015224.post-51524801041891124322022-08-15T23:17:00.000+05:302022-08-15T23:17:05.720+05:30 **Independence Day Wishes - 15 Aug 1969 ISRO Formation Day - Flag on Moon (MIP)-Azadi Se Ghanatantra Thak**<p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><iframe allowfullscreen='allowfullscreen' webkitallowfullscreen='webkitallowfullscreen' mozallowfullscreen='mozallowfullscreen' width='320' height='266' src='https://www.blogger.com/video.g?token=AD6v5dynDgm4obYy8Lp2v7HBQEDnkyxUymAeGyUgpNFsy4o8Lvl6t9XhNmF2q9eMCGfe8GQKQKton02HOSjw3Pbhzg' class='b-hbp-video b-uploaded' frameborder='0'></iframe></div><br />We Wish you a Happy 76th Independence Day. As fellow citizens we have to congratulate each other, as our country which is largest democracy in the world completes 75 years 🇮🇳 of Independence. <p></p><p>**For decades** our ancestors did what they can do for the country, fruits of which we are enjoying today. </p><p>**Let's now work** 🤝, for making India one of the bes **Independence Day Wishes - 15 Aug 1969 ISRO Formation Day - Flag on Moon (MIP)-Azadi Se Ghanatantra Thak**t and better place to live for everyone🙏.</p><p>**ISRO FORMATION DAY** Further today ISRO completes 53rd Formation Day. Though our Space Prog started in 1962 ISRO came into existence on 15 Aug 1969.</p><p>**Indian Flag on Moon** In one among many of significant events in Indian History. </p><p>Planetary Society India(PSI) feels Chandrayaan1 & MIP crash landing on Lunar Surface with Indian Flag on 14Nov2008 as *significant event**. Hence with motive to create awareness on **Space Science & Tech** motivated by Dr.Kalam's vision & words on Indian Flag🇮🇳 (see 🎥 👇).PSI launched **Azadi se Ghanatantra Thak** (15Aug2022 - 26Jan2025) with various activities as India will complete 75yrs being republic in 2025.</p>Planetary Grouphttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10571076621507605305noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1329692705490015224.post-22012517349016348202022-07-30T22:29:00.003+05:302022-07-30T22:29:54.546+05:30CHINESE ROCKET BODY (CZ-5B) REENTRY 30 July 2022 9.50pm IST -10.50pm IST – Exact Reentry Location Unknown<p>Since over a week newsmedia across world is reporting about 23 metric ton (23000 kgs) core stage of Chinese Launch Vehicle (Long March 5B) re-entry. As per latest prediction this rocket debris will re-enter earth atmosphere between 9.50 pm IST to 10.50 p.m. U.S. Space Command is tracking the location of this rocket stage and stated exact re-entry point into the Earth’s atmosphere cannot be pinpointed. But estimated it to be latitude -9.1, longitude 100. **Center for Orbital and Reentry Debris Studies (CORDS)**of Aerospace Corp prepared following map of Reentry. They say Reentry will be along one of the ground tracks (Yellow or Blue) shown here. However say "It is still too early to determine a meaningful debris footprint". Unfortunately few media organisations have reported the re-entry of space debris to be over India & neighboring countries.</p>Planetary Grouphttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10571076621507605305noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1329692705490015224.post-30672129330806361422022-06-10T23:59:00.001+05:302022-06-11T00:00:35.735+05:30Solar Cycle 11 Years Ago Fb Memories<p>11 years ago news of **Geomagnetic Storm** spread like fire in Print/Electronic Media.</p><p>👆Accordingly I spoke on TV & wrote blog & we gave release after thorough reading, discussion with relevant scientists in India& across World.</p><p>Wherein we explained the **11 years Solar Cycle** of the Sun. </p><p>**Recently new Solar Cycle no.25 started (Dec 2019 to 2030)** with regular Sunspots being spotted indicating Heightened activity Sun. The new cycle of Sun will reach its peak by 2025. </p><p>**Today facebook Memories** reminded me of this article on my fb page.Back in 2011 I may not have expected I will be remembering/reposting this after 11years. </p><p>**This year 2022** already, never before historic outbursts on the Sun were recorded in March, April months. </p><p>**As new Solar Cycle will peak by 2025**. Till then we can regularly expect to hear breaking news regarding outbursts from Sun, Solar Flares, CME, Geomagnetic Storm etc..</p><p>**Note:**In Jan 2023 ISRO is planning to launch **Aditya L1** Mission to study Sun.</p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgr_v7jSYBb3P71gGLV3WIwrVdeWRKiWMO7LhtkJ2v2TCESUp0sf9Q9Mb3f8bTvS4yEtmuq_YkhhSPCIccOxCUmUMVxVlw26GiFFnMmET-sveU0pWNCeDyApGEbCbyMKkSsmbdi0jvuGGf7d0LpKCieXGE_dfvKGOoJPqJMyWjg5dgmFdXgxl9OIP0d/s1600/IMG-20220610-WA0017.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="720" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgr_v7jSYBb3P71gGLV3WIwrVdeWRKiWMO7LhtkJ2v2TCESUp0sf9Q9Mb3f8bTvS4yEtmuq_YkhhSPCIccOxCUmUMVxVlw26GiFFnMmET-sveU0pWNCeDyApGEbCbyMKkSsmbdi0jvuGGf7d0LpKCieXGE_dfvKGOoJPqJMyWjg5dgmFdXgxl9OIP0d/s320/IMG-20220610-WA0017.jpg" width="144" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgV6FJ4s-_bBRHeQA-jUW0DS_3GuFpYaHDBqgv6pVb4ds8P1tuEopi5QzTTgEvNv8GP9lriUkaqzXs3RxREPM1miDsSkJCUqjQydnuFfgNs3pFBsyy_I_faXym65Of_UGq8opQdUvSq0CY2P5tmfUcoDDpLEizfoWSSPELZamyQLXyUN-ISXPk4xeVx/s1080/IMG-20220610-WA0015.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="587" data-original-width="1080" height="174" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgV6FJ4s-_bBRHeQA-jUW0DS_3GuFpYaHDBqgv6pVb4ds8P1tuEopi5QzTTgEvNv8GP9lriUkaqzXs3RxREPM1miDsSkJCUqjQydnuFfgNs3pFBsyy_I_faXym65Of_UGq8opQdUvSq0CY2P5tmfUcoDDpLEizfoWSSPELZamyQLXyUN-ISXPk4xeVx/s320/IMG-20220610-WA0015.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEie7JR7TUD45AwEUdChCNLyZ5C9HIR9Zwat8sTs9yw9njci0qAxLQms4wdVdekNOCyRq-6Raly7xcy0pqWxxrW-fmJ6traIcb9pvdfru51-KWUBs7713OfrCEj6c3yKNKwKqyse7-ujOtwqJ7nEA7xEpXThcwcGJO_vKEtdynu8Cmk123Ombe7kXPJl/s1041/IMG-20220610-WA0014.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1041" data-original-width="1041" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEie7JR7TUD45AwEUdChCNLyZ5C9HIR9Zwat8sTs9yw9njci0qAxLQms4wdVdekNOCyRq-6Raly7xcy0pqWxxrW-fmJ6traIcb9pvdfru51-KWUBs7713OfrCEj6c3yKNKwKqyse7-ujOtwqJ7nEA7xEpXThcwcGJO_vKEtdynu8Cmk123Ombe7kXPJl/s320/IMG-20220610-WA0014.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhkCVLOTkWGmM14qcASWxj8IUHMgDP0LR6AEjlxivYkkTpIN49_Hj7lPpX_n-ja6GjKfUeShfYdmVliTGVuCjANc6MsAn4cOsa09FmFzM58CNLEzGng5Wz-FWrdPZYKZiovkILLEpuTNsA7KVL_4KPW3xaKWUHjqP2PoqkdxL8MD5-q0cdVca3-jM5o/s1080/IMG-20220610-WA0013.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1080" data-original-width="810" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhkCVLOTkWGmM14qcASWxj8IUHMgDP0LR6AEjlxivYkkTpIN49_Hj7lPpX_n-ja6GjKfUeShfYdmVliTGVuCjANc6MsAn4cOsa09FmFzM58CNLEzGng5Wz-FWrdPZYKZiovkILLEpuTNsA7KVL_4KPW3xaKWUHjqP2PoqkdxL8MD5-q0cdVca3-jM5o/s320/IMG-20220610-WA0013.jpg" width="240" /></a></div><br /><p></p>Planetary Grouphttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10571076621507605305noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1329692705490015224.post-16308361059752972592022-05-11T23:47:00.000+05:302022-05-11T23:47:11.995+05:30National Technology Day 11 May <p> <span data-offset-key="b4qjo-0-0" style="background-color: white; color: #050505; font-family: "Segoe UI Historic", "Segoe UI", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span data-text="true" style="font-family: inherit;">11 May is Celebrated as National Technology Day in India every year. This day commemorates Operation Shakti - Pokhran II Test conducted by India as part of its </span></span><span style="background-color: white; color: #050505; font-family: "Segoe UI Historic", "Segoe UI", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span data-offset-key="b4qjo-1-0" style="font-family: inherit;">defense</span></span><span data-offset-key="b4qjo-2-0" style="background-color: white; color: #050505; font-family: "Segoe UI Historic", "Segoe UI", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span data-text="true" style="font-family: inherit;"> deterrence policy. </span></span></p><p><span data-offset-key="b4qjo-2-0" style="background-color: white; color: #050505; font-family: "Segoe UI Historic", "Segoe UI", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span data-text="true" style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></span></p><p><span data-offset-key="b4qjo-2-0" style="background-color: white; color: #050505; font-family: "Segoe UI Historic", "Segoe UI", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; white-space: pre-wrap;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><iframe allowfullscreen='allowfullscreen' webkitallowfullscreen='webkitallowfullscreen' mozallowfullscreen='mozallowfullscreen' width='320' height='266' src='https://www.blogger.com/video.g?token=AD6v5dx08_eLFUp6nnv1AI6MRMaGKne53OoGMzYU5PBYGa3N2D-fhYwcwF_toSq3mBcBJ33it56BDmBHOu1QkfyNsg' class='b-hbp-video b-uploaded' frameborder='0'></iframe></div><br /><span data-text="true" style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span><p></p>Planetary Grouphttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10571076621507605305noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1329692705490015224.post-25224469671220842582022-04-15T23:56:00.004+05:302022-04-16T00:12:04.571+05:30WISHES FOR GOOD FRIDAY - UNITY IN DIVERSITY <div class="separator" style="clear: both;">On this day *GOOD FRIDAY* while remembering sacrifice of Jesus Christ. We take this opportunity to promote the message of "Unity In Diversity" which is strength of India.. It's essential to remind, as Polarization Politics irrespective of parties is dividing people in name of religion, region, caste, traditions etc..to retain their presence influencing voters. <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi6u6EV66nU-fy5uNUHtSFKK4MEs_eIj8C_J7uTUcWcSFrjs8oyoELF3KyWG8PWyK0SQZeMjJ0pEfScezdMsy1VkJrqW4ZuTVXmaczi4N2fOgClRmYJ12_1BOwdx6OWq9iiZZLUL_7A3tKC0-ZI6hrXuoFcd9q4W0WC2udYXGth0krzSexPxDo6RAjf/s960/Good%20Friday%20Wishes%20-%20Thumba.jpg" style="display: block; padding: 1em 0px; text-align: center;"><br /><img alt="" border="0" data-original-height="720" data-original-width="960" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi6u6EV66nU-fy5uNUHtSFKK4MEs_eIj8C_J7uTUcWcSFrjs8oyoELF3KyWG8PWyK0SQZeMjJ0pEfScezdMsy1VkJrqW4ZuTVXmaczi4N2fOgClRmYJ12_1BOwdx6OWq9iiZZLUL_7A3tKC0-ZI6hrXuoFcd9q4W0WC2udYXGth0krzSexPxDo6RAjf/w640-h480/Good%20Friday%20Wishes%20-%20Thumba.jpg" width="640" /></a><div class="separator" style="clear: both;">Let's Hope/Work/Pray our Country remains a better place for everyone to LIVE &stand's as inspiration to the World. It's also time to profess sacrifices, of ALL which brought freedom.</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;">Whereas Church of St.Mary Magdalene, Thumba (making way for India first space facility), efforts of Homi Jahangir Babha, Vikram Sarabhai, APJ Kalam are few examples of UNITY IN DIVERSITY</div></div>Planetary Grouphttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10571076621507605305noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1329692705490015224.post-49997335681619903122022-03-18T14:11:00.000+05:302022-03-18T14:11:00.708+05:30Happy Holi - Understanding Colors - Understanding India <p><span style="background-color: white; color: #050505; font-family: "Segoe UI Historic", "Segoe UI", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px;">Wish you all a Happy Holi.. The information and maps are part of article compiled and published by us in 2017. <br /><br />On this day when everyone is enjoying playing with water, colors. We here like to make an attempt to create awareness to understand various colors in these maps ..which give us idea of Water and Soil resources. Importantly idea to Conserve, Preserve & Project with better understanding of The India ...1. Watershed Atlas ( Basin Map) 2. Soil Map of India ...Click on image, download and to appreciate the details.</span></p><p><span style="color: #050505; font-family: Segoe UI Historic, Segoe UI, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 15px;">Source: These maps and information was compiled from Soil and Land Use Survey of India (SLUSI), Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare, Govt of India. </span></span></p><p><span style="background-color: white; color: #050505; font-family: "Segoe UI Historic", "Segoe UI", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="background-color: white; color: #050505; font-family: "Segoe UI Historic", "Segoe UI", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhCH1xWw9yK_g59avuZ8p_V8-sGFxjXXFPJY0OPczB8wl7CQ-7RppS0clhJqnHAIvkZiSUJm30XBaIoUfe_FFb9oQ0E3nZV5N9sbiCkDoWqr5buqJUgQpEUGroGTd0qKdRs8314dOuzaX0-bFyB-hs0dY57cgblNjkh_xWrl4IdbL4OsZxC-jOwsjov" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="2048" data-original-width="1586" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhCH1xWw9yK_g59avuZ8p_V8-sGFxjXXFPJY0OPczB8wl7CQ-7RppS0clhJqnHAIvkZiSUJm30XBaIoUfe_FFb9oQ0E3nZV5N9sbiCkDoWqr5buqJUgQpEUGroGTd0qKdRs8314dOuzaX0-bFyB-hs0dY57cgblNjkh_xWrl4IdbL4OsZxC-jOwsjov=w496-h640" width="496" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhTql2Nyo0iYU-zOcqpIDZPk4b1B30rG9WiH1ohhHw6E38mSxSalZ60G_fZCLt09YKCxr9xOxW9NX86lvdNZB7qrLQN4kzAYBtxnqo2UdIZDbQdmtuj8gnuZDbB7aWNrouHfxDOPPYpOABS5B7CphC0M8UYsCWUELbwAgqWtLD9EyqkXnfQi-Vty3IN" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="2048" data-original-width="1960" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhTql2Nyo0iYU-zOcqpIDZPk4b1B30rG9WiH1ohhHw6E38mSxSalZ60G_fZCLt09YKCxr9xOxW9NX86lvdNZB7qrLQN4kzAYBtxnqo2UdIZDbQdmtuj8gnuZDbB7aWNrouHfxDOPPYpOABS5B7CphC0M8UYsCWUELbwAgqWtLD9EyqkXnfQi-Vty3IN=w613-h640" width="613" /></a></div><br /><br /></div><br /><br /><p></p>Planetary Grouphttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10571076621507605305noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1329692705490015224.post-16920783305964019062022-03-11T00:01:00.004+05:302022-03-11T00:01:27.611+05:30Prof.U.R. Birth Anninversary 10 March 1932 <p>Padmashri Prof U.R Rao (10Mar1932-34July2017), was an internationally renowned space scientist and served the nation as Chairman of ISRO (1984-1994).He is known as Father of Indian Satellite Programme. Here is special interview of Prof Rao Telecast on Rajyasabha TV 2017 https://youtu.be/NRCBJEMPtJw?t=66. Here links to articles on Prof. Rao on ISRO website 👉www.isro.gov.in/update/28-jul-2017/tribute-to-prof-u-r-rao Dont Miss to read 👉www.isro.gov.in/about-isro/prof-udupi-ramachandra-rao-1984-1994. Further ministry of culture, Govt Of India published this tweet https://twitter.com/MinOfCultureGoI/status/1369533651013173248</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjdMgzIo-hSbtg3rpppRvn9ribzdCOmCz_JYtpNCsGavJoj0vWQ4KXanP38GtCUHXw1JrUmdP_jykhMlVG7Zni84AU4CGamU4OyS-0Rye12mgVl3FciPVmbp4zmNdmF7TzGZR8x5ElsHhiBa84SWuYr-tKDywS1Fe7DJW31veTbB5n3LOfUYmsCJlRJ=s1080" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1080" data-original-width="1080" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjdMgzIo-hSbtg3rpppRvn9ribzdCOmCz_JYtpNCsGavJoj0vWQ4KXanP38GtCUHXw1JrUmdP_jykhMlVG7Zni84AU4CGamU4OyS-0Rye12mgVl3FciPVmbp4zmNdmF7TzGZR8x5ElsHhiBa84SWuYr-tKDywS1Fe7DJW31veTbB5n3LOfUYmsCJlRJ=w400-h400" width="400" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgg16kunsEjDc3R0eEIQ9Gf326OeV8Uutfq_GthmnS7IS_MExIe0Enyrof42BUmw-7HRQ3l4uQ50-MUXDvi_tBYloY9NvZuLyqbLRLuLwZJrAJ8y8PceljcO4nT_kn3OmENKpUb3GnHsyUbjt58O6SGxrnuQgnksKOM2nUc5D5LumqG-ou6w2X8STZx=s959" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="604" data-original-width="959" height="253" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgg16kunsEjDc3R0eEIQ9Gf326OeV8Uutfq_GthmnS7IS_MExIe0Enyrof42BUmw-7HRQ3l4uQ50-MUXDvi_tBYloY9NvZuLyqbLRLuLwZJrAJ8y8PceljcO4nT_kn3OmENKpUb3GnHsyUbjt58O6SGxrnuQgnksKOM2nUc5D5LumqG-ou6w2X8STZx=w400-h253" width="400" /></a></div><br /><p></p>Planetary Grouphttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10571076621507605305noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1329692705490015224.post-27628654985837541142022-01-26T22:48:00.002+05:302022-01-26T22:48:40.224+05:30Republic Day Wishes <p> We at Planetary Society, India wish you all readers a Happy Republic Day. </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEi8HN6VYqOQqmYM_dVgel_96sY2eoSH5sr5KnMVjpT2_iG_jm7YS58lN3DbD2C1HePN_GUv2o8uAfKbOqRcNNZPW7FAhDmZXhg1DWRLKEw0T_xGfZfzDbYWdPIYPHEotCnn4VWrI074D-o00QJdktfQTqNnXk3yV2bzePH-lgrZrO1J3-JzAKayI0p5=s1344" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1344" data-original-width="1008" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEi8HN6VYqOQqmYM_dVgel_96sY2eoSH5sr5KnMVjpT2_iG_jm7YS58lN3DbD2C1HePN_GUv2o8uAfKbOqRcNNZPW7FAhDmZXhg1DWRLKEw0T_xGfZfzDbYWdPIYPHEotCnn4VWrI074D-o00QJdktfQTqNnXk3yV2bzePH-lgrZrO1J3-JzAKayI0p5=s16000" /></a></div><br /><p></p>Planetary Grouphttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10571076621507605305noreply@blogger.com0